Abstract
No‐till (NT) production systems, especially winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)‐summer crop‐fallow, have increased in the central Great Plains, but few N fertility studies have been conducted with these systems. Therefore, winter wheat (W) response to N fertilization in two NT dryland crop rotations, wheat‐corn ( Zea mays L.)‐fallow (WCF) and wheat‐sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.)‐fallow (WSF), on a Platner loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Paleustoll) was evaluated for 9 yr. Five N rates, 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg N ha −1 , were applied to each rotation crop. Wheat biomass and grain yield response to N fertilization varied with year but not with crop rotation, increasing with N application each year, with maximum yields being obtained with 84 kg N ha −1 over all years. Based on grain N removal, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha −1 N rates, respectively. Grain protein increased with increasing N rate. Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) increased with N addition, leveling off above 56 kg N ha −1 . A soil plus fertilizer N level of 124 to 156 kg N ha −1 was sufficient to optimize winter wheat yields in most years in both rotations. Application of more than 84 kg N ha −1 on this Platner loam soil, with a gravel layer below 120 cm soil depth, would more than likely increase the amount of NO 3 ‐N available for leaching and ground water contamination. Wheat growers in the central Great Plains need to apply N to optimize dryland wheat yields and improve grain quality, but need to avoid over‐fertilization with N to minimize NO 3 ‐N leaching potential.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat biomass rose with N application each year and did not vary by rotation.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- each yeare0
- Comparator
- crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat biomass and grain yield response to N fertilization varied with year but not with crop rotation, increasing with N application each year”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield rose with N application each year and did not vary by rotation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- each yeare0
- Comparator
- crop rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat biomass and grain yield response to N fertilization varied with year but not with crop rotation, increasing with N application each year”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum wheat yield occurred at 84 kg N ha −1 across years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 84 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum yields being obtained with 84 kg N ha −1 over all years”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NFUE averaged 86% at 28 kg ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 28e0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE)e0
- Value
- 86e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha −1 N rates, respectively.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NFUE averaged 69% at 56 kg ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 56e0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE)e0
- Value
- 69e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha −1 N rates, respectively.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NFUE averaged 56% at 84 kg ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 84e0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE)e0
- Value
- 56e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha −1 N rates, respectively.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NFUE averaged 46% at 112 kg ha −1 N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- 112e0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE)e0
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) varied with N rate and year, averaging 86, 69, 56, and 46% for the 28, 56, 84, and 112 kg ha −1 N rates, respectively.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein rose with increasing N rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- increasing N ratee0
- Outcome
- Grain proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein increased with increasing N rate.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Precipitation use efficiency rose with N addition and levelled above 56 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- N additione0
- Outcome
- Precipitation use efficiency (PUE)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- above 56 kg N ha −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Precipitation use efficiency (PUE) increased with N addition, leveling off above 56 kg N ha −1 .”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil plus fertilizer N of 124 to 156 kg N ha −1 optimized wheat yield in most years.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 124 to 156 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- winter wheat yieldse0
- Direction
- optimizee0
- Qualifier
- most years in both rotationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A soil plus fertilizer N level of 124 to 156 kg N ha −1 was sufficient to optimize winter wheat yields in most years in both rotations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors warn that more than 84 kg N ha −1 could increase nitrate available for leaching.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- more than 84 kg N ha −1e0
- Outcome
- NO 3 ‐N available for leaching and ground water contaminatione0
- Setting
- Platner loam soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of more than 84 kg N ha −1 on this Platner loam soil, with a gravel layer below 120 cm soil depth, would more than likely increase the amount of NO 3 ‐N available for leaching and ground water contamination.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors advise growers to apply enough N to optimize yield and grain quality while avoiding excess N.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- avoid over‐fertilization with Ne0
- Setting
- central Great Plainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat growers in the central Great Plains need to apply N to optimize dryland wheat yields and improve grain quality, but need to avoid over‐fertilization with N to minimize NO 3 ‐N leaching potential.”
e1“winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
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