Abstract
Cell enlargement in primary leaves of bean is promoted by bright white light, gibberellic acid, or the cytokinin N 6 -benzyladenine. I examine the combined effects of light and hormones on growth, cell wall properties, and osmotic parameters during growth over 24 h. Applied alone, benzyladenine (10 μM), gibberellic acid (10 μM), and white light produced similar increases in the length and fresh weight of excised leaf strips over 24 h. The combined effects of hormones and light on growth were much less than additive. Individually, all three treatments significantly increased cell wall plastic extensibility over 24 h. However, benzyladenine combined with white light were additive in effect on plastic extensibility, and gibberellic acid combined with white light were synergistic. The differences in effects of hormones in white light on growth versus plastic extensibility indicate a decrease in growth potential, which is attributable in part to hormonal effects on osmotic concentration. Although white light alone increased osmotic concentration, both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid greatly decreased it, with or without white light. Furthermore, because growth potential is a function of both osmotic potential and wall yield threshold, it appears that yield threshold does not decline in parallel with osmotic potential in hormone-treated bean leaf strips. Finally, both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid inhibit the increase in osmotic solutes normally produced by white light. This effect, coupled with water uptake during cell expansion, would produce the observed decreases in osmotic concentration in hormone-treated strips. Hence, both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid interfere with light-induced growth, primarily through effects on the apparent ability of light to direct solute accumulation. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, leaf growth, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, light.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine increased leaf-strip length and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- benzyladenine (10 μM)e0
- Outcome
- length and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Applied alone, benzyladenine (10 μM), gibberellic acid (10 μM), and white light produced similar increases in the length and fresh weight of excised leaf strips over 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased leaf-strip length and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (10 μM)e0
- Outcome
- length and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Applied alone, benzyladenine (10 μM), gibberellic acid (10 μM), and white light produced similar increases in the length and fresh weight of excised leaf strips over 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
White light increased leaf-strip length and fresh weight.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- white lighte0
- Outcome
- length and fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Applied alone, benzyladenine (10 μM), gibberellic acid (10 μM), and white light produced similar increases in the length and fresh weight of excised leaf strips over 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hormone and light effects on growth were less than additive.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- hormones and lighte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- less than additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“The combined effects of hormones and light on growth were much less than additive”
Claim · model-written summary
All three treatments increased cell wall plastic extensibility.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- all three treatmentse0
- Outcome
- cell wall plastic extensibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“Individually, all three treatments significantly increased cell wall plastic extensibility over 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine and white light had additive effects on plastic extensibility.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- benzyladenine combined with white lighte0
- Outcome
- plastic extensibilitye0
- Direction
- additivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“benzyladenine combined with white light were additive in effect on plastic extensibility”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid and white light had synergistic effects on plastic extensibility.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid combined with white lighte0
- Outcome
- plastic extensibilitye1
- Direction
- synergistice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“gibberellic acid combined with white light were synergistic”
e1“effect on plastic extensibility”
Claim · model-written summary
White light increased osmotic concentration.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- white lighte0
- Outcome
- osmotic concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“white light alone increased osmotic concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine decreased osmotic concentration with or without light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- osmotic concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- with or without white lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid greatly decreased it, with or without white light”
e1“white light alone increased osmotic concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid decreased osmotic concentration with or without light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- osmotic concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- with or without white lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid greatly decreased it, with or without white light”
e1“white light alone increased osmotic concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzyladenine inhibited the increase in osmotic solutes normally induced by light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- benzyladeninee0
- Outcome
- increase in osmotic solutese0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid inhibit the increase in osmotic solutes normally produced by white light”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid inhibited the increase in osmotic solutes normally induced by light.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- increase in osmotic solutese0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
e0“both benzyladenine and gibberellic acid inhibit the increase in osmotic solutes normally produced by white light”
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