Abstract
Abstract Three rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars ( cv. Daesanbyeo, cv. Dongjinbyeo, cv. Junambyeo) were analyzed for endogenous gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents and their changes in response to elevated nitrogen (N) levels. The N fertilizer was applied in the form of urea [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] at three rates (0, 36.8, 73.6 kg N ha –1 ). Plant growth (height and dry weight) was enhanced by the first N rate but not further enhanced by the highest rate. The endogenous GA contents were analyzed through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–selected ion monitoring (GC‐MS‐SIM) while that of JA with GC‐MS‐SIM. They were analyzed one week after N application and were significantly increased with elevated N levels in all rice cultivars. The bioactive GA 1 markedly increased, but its concentration differed in different rice cultivars. Similar fluctuations were observed for endogenous GA 8 , GA 12 , GA 19 , GA 20 , and GA 53 in response to elevated N levels, showing that the rates of biosynthesis of GAs were differently affected by elevated N levels within different rice cultivars. The level of GA 20 , a precursor of GA 1 biosynthesis, was not significantly increased, though GA 19 , a precursor of GA 20 , was found to be the most abundant GA type in all rice cultivars. Jasmonic acid content in the plants increased with the basic urea application (36.8 kg N ha –1 ), but significantly decreased with the double urea level (73.6 kg N ha –1 ). The results demonstrate that GA and JA are differentially affected in response to elevated N application in rice.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The first nitrogen rate enhanced rice height and dry weight, with no further gain at the highest rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- first N ratee0
- Outcome
- height and dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- highest ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth (height and dry weight) was enhanced by the first N rate but not further enhanced by the highest rate.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous gibberellin and jasmonic acid contents increased significantly with elevated nitrogen in all rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N levelse0
- Outcome
- gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contentse1
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- one week after N applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They were analyzed one week after N application and were significantly increased with elevated N levels in all rice cultivars.”
e1“endogenous gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contents”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioactive GA 1 increased markedly, with concentrations differing among rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- bioactive GA 1e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bioactive GA 1 markedly increased, but its concentration differed in different rice cultivars.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 8, GA 12 and GA 19 fluctuated with elevated nitrogen, differently among cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N levelse0
- Outcome
- GA 8 , GA 12 , GA 19e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar fluctuations were observed for endogenous GA 8 , GA 12 , GA 19 , GA 20 , and GA 53 in response to elevated N levels, showing that the rates of biosynthesis of GAs were differently affected by elevated N levels within different rice cultivars.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 20 and GA 53 fluctuated with elevated nitrogen across rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- elevated N levelse0
- Outcome
- GA 20 , and GA 53e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar fluctuations were observed for endogenous GA 8 , GA 12 , GA 19 , GA 20 , and GA 53 in response to elevated N levels, showing that the rates of biosynthesis of GAs were differently affected by elevated N levels within different rice cultivars.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 20 did not increase significantly.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- level of GA 20e0
- Direction
- not significantly increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of GA 20 , a precursor of GA 1 biosynthesis, was not significantly increased”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 19 was the most abundant gibberellin type in all rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- GA 19e0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 19 , a precursor of GA 20 , was found to be the most abundant GA type in all rice cultivars.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid content rose with basic urea application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- basic urea application (36.8 kg N ha –1 )e0
- Outcome
- Jasmonic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid content in the plants increased with the basic urea application (36.8 kg N ha –1 )”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid content fell significantly at the double urea level.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- double urea level (73.6 kg N ha –1 )e0
- Outcome
- Jasmonic acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- basic urea application (36.8 kg N ha –1 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Jasmonic acid content in the plants increased with the basic urea application (36.8 kg N ha –1 ), but significantly decreased with the double urea level (73.6 kg N ha –1 ).”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
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