Abstract
Abstract Zinc (Zn) can improve resistance of rice plants to abiotic stress and promote the recovery of rice tillers by influencing auxin (IAA) synthesis, Zn absorption is closely related to nitrogen (N) concentrations; however, the mechanisms by which Zn regulates rice tiller recovery at low temperatures under different N levels are rarely studied. In this study, a solution culture experiment was conducted at two temperatures, three different Zn concentrations, and two N concentrations. Low temperature during the vegetative stage damaged the rice antioxidant system, suppressed nutrient uptake, and decreased the number of tillers. Increasing Zn application improved the resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption, improved tiller bud cytokinin (CTK) concentrations, and the CTK/IAA ratio, which accelerated tiller recovery relative to plants receiving standard Zn treatment. Shoot Zn concentrations were positively correlated with tiller numbers at normal N levels. High N attenuated the positive effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures due to higher shoot Zn and IAA accumulation, and lower tiller buds CTK/IAA ratios. However, appropriate Zn application under high N levels was conducive to breaking tiller dormancy and promoting tillering growth spurts when recovering to normal temperature, which was related to the synergistic regulation of hormone balance and nutrient absorption by N and Zn. In conclusion, Zn could enhance rice low‐temperature stress resilience and facilitate tiller recovery via balancing the hormones in tiller buds. However, higher environmental N limited the stimulation of Zn on rice tillering under low temperature.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature damaged the rice antioxidant system.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- vegetative stagee0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- rice antioxidant systeme0
- Direction
- damagede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature during the vegetative stage damaged the rice antioxidant system”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature suppressed rice nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature during the vegetative stage damaged the rice antioxidant system, suppressed nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature decreased rice tiller number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- number of tillerse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature during the vegetative stage damaged the rice antioxidant system, suppressed nutrient uptake, and decreased the number of tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc under normal nitrogen improved rice low-temperature resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stresse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under normal N levelse0
- Comparator
- standard Zn treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Zn application improved the resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress under normal N levels”
e1“standard Zn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc enhanced rice nutrient absorption under normal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under normal N levelse0
- Comparator
- standard Zn treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Zn application improved the resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption”
e1“standard Zn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc raised tiller bud cytokinin concentration and CTK/IAA ratio under normal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Increasing Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- tiller bud cytokinin (CTK) concentrations, and the CTK/IAA ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- standard Zn treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing Zn application improved the resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption, improved tiller bud cytokinin (CTK) concentrations, and the CTK/IAA ratio”
e1“standard Zn treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing zinc accelerated rice tiller recovery relative to standard zinc treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Increasing Zn applicatione2
- Outcome
- tiller recoverye0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Comparator
- standard Zn treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which accelerated tiller recovery relative to plants receiving standard Zn treatment”
e1“resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress”
e2“Increasing Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot zinc concentration correlated positively with rice tiller number at normal nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- Shoot Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- tiller numberse0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
- Qualifier
- at normal N levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot Zn concentrations were positively correlated with tiller numbers at normal N levels”
e1“resistance of rice plants to low‐temperature stress”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen attenuated zinc stimulation of rice tillering at low temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- High Ne0
- Outcome
- rice tilleringe0
- Direction
- attenuatede0
- Qualifier
- at low temperaturese0
- Comparator
- normal N levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N attenuated the positive effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures”
e1“under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen was associated with higher rice shoot zinc and IAA accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- High Ne0
- Outcome
- shoot Zn and IAA accumulatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- normal N levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N attenuated the positive effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures due to higher shoot Zn and IAA accumulation”
e1“under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen was associated with lower rice tiller bud CTK/IAA ratios.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- High Ne0
- Outcome
- tiller buds CTK/IAA ratiose0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- normal N levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High N attenuated the positive effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures due to higher shoot Zn and IAA accumulation, and lower tiller buds CTK/IAA ratios”
e1“under normal N levels, enhanced nutrient absorption”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate zinc application under high nitrogen helped break rice tiller dormancy on return to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- appropriate Zn application under high N levelse0
- Outcome
- tiller dormancye0
- Direction
- breakinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate Zn application under high N levels was conducive to breaking tiller dormancy”
e1“effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Appropriate zinc application under high nitrogen promoted rice tillering growth spurts on return to normal temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- appropriate Zn application under high N levelse0
- Outcome
- tillering growth spurtse0
- Direction
- promotinge0
- Qualifier
- when recovering to normal temperaturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate Zn application under high N levels was conducive to breaking tiller dormancy and promoting tillering growth spurts when recovering to normal temperature”
e1“effect of Zn on rice tillering at low temperatures”
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See all 14 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.