Abstract
The changes of Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma, and tonoplast membrane in roots and leaf chloroplasts in rice (Oryza sativa L. ) seedlings were investigated for exploring the mechanism of cross adaptation to different stresses in the plants during the enhancement of chilling resistance induced by cold and saltpretreatment. The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment, but this enhancement was inhibited by Ca2+ -chelate ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethylether) N, N-tetraacetie acid(EGTA) and the calmodulin inhibitor chlorpromazine(CPZ), it showed the calci.um messenger system was involved in the course of chilling resistance formation. The Ca2+ -ATP ase activity ofroot plasmolemma and tonoplast membrane as well as the Fe(CN)3-6 reduction in root plasmolemma in nonpretreated seedlings were declined markedly during the chilling stress. The Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma, tonoplast membrane and chloroplasts as well as the Fe(CN)3-6deduction of plasmolemma were enhancedby cold preheatment. The activities of Ca2+-ATPase and Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma, as comparedwith nonpretreated seedlings has increased by 86. 80% and 93 .93% mepectively. The effect of salt plasment on the Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma and chloroplast as well as Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma were similar to the effect of cold pretreatment. Although the Ca2+ -ATPase activity of tonoplast membrane was declined by salt pretreatment, the activity was none the less markedly higher than that of the nonpretreated seedlings. It showed that there was stronger ability of maintaining calcium homeostasis in the seedlingsfollowing two pretreatment. The results displayed that the enhancement of chilling resistance in rice seedlingswith cold and salt pretreatment might be related to the effective activation of Ca2+ -ATPase in two preatmentseedlings, because the activated Ca2+ -ATPase could bring back rapidly the raised cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from chilling stress to the state of calcium homeostasis, leading to the maintenance of normal functioning ofthe calcium messenger system and physiological metabolism. It seems that the adapated mechanism tO chillingstress in two seedlings with cold and salt pretreatment was similar.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cold and salt pretreatment markedly enhanced chilling resistance of rice seedlings
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- cold and salt pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- chilling resistancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and EGTA inhibited the enhancement of chilling resistance
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- chlorpromazine(CPZ)e2
- Outcome
- enhancemente2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
- Qualifier
- EGTAe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly”
e2“this enhancement was inhibited by Ca2+ -chelate ethyleneglycol-bis-(β-aminoethylether) N, N-tetraacetie acid(EGTA) and the calmodulin inhibitor chlorpromazine(CPZ)”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium messenger system is involved in the formation of chilling resistance in rice seedlings
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- chilling resistance formatione3
- Qualifier
- calci.um messenger systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e3“it showed the calci.um messenger system was involved in the course of chilling resistance formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Ca2+-ATPase activity of plasmolemma and tonoplast declined markedly during chilling in nonpretreated rice seedlings
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- root plasmolemma and tonoplast membranee2
- Treatment
- chilling stresse2
- Outcome
- Ca2+ -ATP ase activitye2
- Direction
- declined markedlye2
- Comparator
- nonpretreated seedlingse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e2“The Ca2+ -ATP ase activity ofroot plasmolemma and tonoplast membrane as well as the Fe(CN)3-6 reduction in root plasmolemma in nonpretreated seedlings were declined markedly during the chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Root Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma declined markedly during chilling in nonpretreated rice seedlings
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- root plasmolemmae2
- Treatment
- chilling stresse2
- Outcome
- Fe(CN)3-6 reductione2
- Direction
- declined markedlye2
- Comparator
- nonpretreated seedlingse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e2“The Ca2+ -ATP ase activity ofroot plasmolemma and tonoplast membrane as well as the Fe(CN)3-6 reduction in root plasmolemma in nonpretreated seedlings were declined markedly during the chilling stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold pretreatment enhanced Ca2+-ATPase activities of plasmolemma, tonoplast membrane and chloroplasts
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- plasmolemma, tonoplast membrane and chloroplastse4
- Treatment
- cold preheatmente4
- Outcome
- Ca2+ -ATPase activitiese4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e4“The Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma, tonoplast membrane and chloroplasts as well as the Fe(CN)3-6deduction of plasmolemma were enhancedby cold preheatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmolemma Ca2+-ATPase activity increased by 86.80% over nonpretreated seedlings after pretreatment
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- plasmolemmae5
- Outcome
- Ca2+-ATPasee5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 86. 80%e5
- Comparator
- nonpretreated seedlingse5
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e5“The activities of Ca2+-ATPase and Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma, as comparedwith nonpretreated seedlings has increased by 86. 80% and 93 .93% mepectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Plasmolemma Fe(CN)3-6 reduction increased by 93.93% over nonpretreated seedlings after pretreatment
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- plasmolemmae5
- Outcome
- Fe(CN)3-6 reductione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 93 .93%e5
- Comparator
- nonpretreated seedlingse5
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e5“The activities of Ca2+-ATPase and Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma, as comparedwith nonpretreated seedlings has increased by 86. 80% and 93 .93% mepectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment affected plasmolemma and chloroplast Ca2+-ATPase and Fe reduction similarly to cold pretreatment
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- plasmolemma and chloroplaste6
- Treatment
- salt plasmente6
- Outcome
- Ca2+ -ATPase activitiese6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- cold pretreatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e6“The effect of salt plasment on the Ca2+ -ATPase activities of plasmolemma and chloroplast as well as Fe(CN)3-6 reduction of plasmolemma were similar to the effect of cold pretreatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt pretreatment declined tonoplast Ca2+-ATPase activity
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- tonoplast membranee7
- Treatment
- salt pretreatmente7
- Outcome
- Ca2+ -ATP ase activity of tonoplast membranee7
- Direction
- declinede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e7“Although the Ca2+ -ATP ase activity of tonoplast membrane was declined by salt pretreatment, the activity was none the less markedly higher than that of the nonpretreated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Tonoplast Ca2+-ATPase activity after salt pretreatment remained markedly higher than in nonpretreated seedlings
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- tonoplast membranee7
- Treatment
- salt pretreatmente7
- Outcome
- Ca2+ -ATP ase activity of tonoplast membranee7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- nonpretreated seedlingse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e7“Although the Ca2+ -ATP ase activity of tonoplast membrane was declined by salt pretreatment, the activity was none the less markedly higher than that of the nonpretreated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings after two pretreatments had a stronger ability to maintain calcium homeostasis
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- two pretreatmente2
- Outcome
- ability of maintaining calcium homeostasise2
- Direction
- strongere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e2“It showed that there was stronger ability of maintaining calcium homeostasis in the seedlingsfollowing two pretreatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced chilling resistance may be related to effective activation of Ca2+-ATPase
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Gene
- Ca2+ -ATPasee2
- Outcome
- enhancement of chilling resistancee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“the enhancement of chilling resistance in rice seedlingswith cold and salt pretreatment might be related to the effective activation of Ca2+ -ATPase”
Claim · model-written summary
Activated Ca2+-ATPase may return raised cytoplasmic Ca2+ to calcium homeostasis after chilling
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- activated Ca2+ -ATPasee2
- Outcome
- bring back rapidly the raised cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentratione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e2“because the activated Ca2+ -ATPase could bring back rapidly the raised cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration from chilling stress to the state of calcium homeostasis”
Claim · model-written summary
The adaptation mechanism to chilling was similar in seedlings with cold and salt pretreatment
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- cold and salt pretreatmente2
- Outcome
- adapated mechanisme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results indicated that the chilling resistance of rice seedlings was enhanced markedly by cold and salt pretreatment”
e2“It seems that the adapated mechanism tO chillingstress in two seedlings with cold and salt pretreatment was similar”
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