Abstract
Soil salinity seriously restricts rice growth, development, and production globally. Chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content reflect the level of injury and resistance of rice under salt stress. To understand the differences in the response mechanisms of japonica rice with varying degrees of salt tolerance, we analyzed the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and ion homeostasis of 12 japonica rice germplasm accessions by comprehensive evaluation of phenotype, haplotype, and expression of salt tolerance-related genes. The results revealed that salt-sensitive accessions were rapidly affected by the damage due to salinity. Salt tolerance score (STS) and relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD) were extremely significantly reduced (p<0.01), and chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasis were influenced by various degrees under salt stress. The STS, RSPAD, and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of salt-tolerant accessions (STA) were significantly higher than that of salt-sensitive accessions (SSA). Principal component analysis (PCA) with 13 indices suggested three principal components (PCs), with a cumulative contribution rate of 90.254%, which were used to screen Huangluo (typical salt-tolerant germplasm) and Shanfuliya (typical salt-sensitive germplasm) based on the comprehensive evaluation D -value ( D CI ). The expression characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence genes ( OsABCI7 and OsHCF222 ) and ion transporter protein genes ( OsHKT1;5 , OsHKT2;1 , OsHAK21 , OsAKT2 , OsNHX1 , and OsSOS1 ) were analyzed. The expressions of these genes were higher in Huangluo than in Shanfuliya under salt stress. Haplotype analysis revealed four key variations associated with salt tolerance, including an SNP (+1605 bp) within OsABCI7 exon, an SSR (−1231 bp) within OsHAK21 promoter, an indel site at OsNHX1 promoter (−822 bp), and an SNP (−1866 bp) within OsAKT2 promoter. Variation in OsABCI7 protein structure and differential expression of these three ion-transporter genes may contribute to the differential response of japonica rice to salt stress.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-sensitive rice accessions were rapidly damaged by salinity.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupt0 - Material
- salt-sensitive accessionse0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- rapidly affected by the damage due to salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“salt-sensitive accessions were rapidly affected by the damage due to salinity”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress extremely significantly reduced salt tolerance score.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Salt tolerance score (STS)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- p<0.01e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt tolerance score (STS) and relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD) were extremely significantly reduced (p<0.01)”
e1“under salt stress. The STS, RSPAD”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress extremely significantly reduced relative chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- p<0.01e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative chlorophyll relative content (RSPAD) were extremely significantly reduced (p<0.01)”
e1“under salt stress. The STS, RSPAD”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasis were affected to varying degrees under salt stress.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasise0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll fluorescence and ion homeostasis were influenced by various degrees under salt stress”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt-tolerant accessions had higher STS, RSPAD and five fluorescence parameters than sensitive accessions.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- salt-tolerant accessions (STA)e0
- Outcome
- STS, RSPAD, and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- salt-sensitive accessions (SSA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The STS, RSPAD, and five chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of salt-tolerant accessions (STA) were significantly higher than that of salt-sensitive accessions (SSA).”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA of 13 indices gave three components accounting for 90.254% cumulatively.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Outcome
- cumulative contribution ratee0
- Value
- 90.254%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis (PCA) with 13 indices suggested three principal components (PCs), with a cumulative contribution rate of 90.254%”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Comprehensive evaluation identified Huangluo as typical salt-tolerant germplasm.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Huangluoe0
- Outcome
- typical salt-tolerant germplasme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“screen Huangluo (typical salt-tolerant germplasm) and Shanfuliya (typical salt-sensitive germplasm)”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Comprehensive evaluation identified Shanfuliya as typical salt-sensitive germplasm.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Shanfuliyae0
- Outcome
- typical salt-sensitive germplasme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shanfuliya (typical salt-sensitive germplasm)”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The named fluorescence and ion transporter genes had higher expression in Huangluo than Shanfuliya under salt stress.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Huangluoe0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- expressions of these genese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Shanfuliyae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence genes ( OsABCI7 and OsHCF222 ) and ion transporter protein genes ( OsHKT1;5 , OsHKT2;1 , OsHAK21 , OsAKT2 , OsNHX1 , and OsSOS1 ) were analyzed. The expressions of these genes were higher in Huangluo than in Shanfuliya under salt stress.”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An OsABCI7 exon SNP at +1605 bp was associated with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Gene
- OsABCI7e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Value
- +1605 bpe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four key variations associated with salt tolerance, including an SNP (+1605 bp) within OsABCI7 exon”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An OsHAK21 promoter SSR at −1231 bp was associated with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Gene
- OsHAK21e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Value
- −1231 bpe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four key variations associated with salt tolerance, including an SNP (+1605 bp) within OsABCI7 exon, an SSR (−1231 bp) within OsHAK21 promoter”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An OsNHX1 promoter indel at −822 bp was associated with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Gene
- OsNHX1e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Value
- −822 bpe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an indel site at OsNHX1 promoter (−822 bp)”
e1“variations associated with salt tolerance”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
An OsAKT2 promoter SNP at −1866 bp was associated with salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Gene
- OsAKT2e0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee1
- Value
- −1866 bpe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an SNP (−1866 bp) within OsAKT2 promoter”
e1“variations associated with salt tolerance”
t0“japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsABCI7 protein structure variation may contribute to differential salt response.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Gene
- OsABCI7e0
- Outcome
- differential response of japonica rice to salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variation in OsABCI7 protein structure and differential expression of these three ion-transporter genes may contribute to the differential response of japonica rice to salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Differential expression of three ion transporter genes may contribute to differential salt response.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Outcome
- differential response of japonica rice to salt stresse0
- Qualifier
- differential expression of these three ion-transporter genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differential expression of these three ion-transporter genes may contribute to the differential response of japonica rice to salt stress.”
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