Abstract
Sodium displaces Ca(2+) from membranes (GR Cramer, A Läuchli, VS Polito Plant Physiol 1985 79: 207-211) and this can be related to the (Ca(2+))/(Na(+))(2) activity ratio in the external solution (GR Cramer, A Läuchli 1986 J Exp Bot 37: 321-330). Supplemental Ca(2+) is known to mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on plant growth. In this report we investigated the effects of NaCl (0-250 millimolar) and Ca(2+) (0.4 and 10 millimolar) on the ion activities in solution and on root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Ion activities were analyzed using the computer program, GEOCHEM. Most ion activities in a 0.1 modified Hoagland solution were significantly reduced by both NaCl and supplemental Ca(2+). Ion-pair formation and precipitation were significant for some ions, especially phosphate. Root growth of 6-day-old seedlings was stimulated by low NaCl concentrations (25 millimolar). At higher NaCl concentrations, root growth was inhibited; the concentration at which this occurred depended on the Ca(2+) concentration and the growth index used. Supplemental Ca(2+) mitigated the inhibition of root growth caused by NaCl. There was a curvilinear relationship between root growth and the (Ca(2+))/(Na(+))(2) ratio in the nutrient solution. The mechanisms by which Na(+) and Ca(2+) may affect root growth are discussed.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl significantly reduced most ion activities in nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- ion activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most ion activities in a 0.1 modified Hoagland solution were significantly reduced by both NaCl and supplemental Ca(2+)”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental calcium significantly reduced most ion activities in nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- supplemental Ca(2+)e0
- Outcome
- ion activitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most ion activities in a 0.1 modified Hoagland solution were significantly reduced by both NaCl and supplemental Ca(2+)”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ion-pair formation and precipitation were significant for some ions, especially phosphate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Outcome
- Ion-pair formation and precipitatione0
- Qualifier
- especially phosphatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ion-pair formation and precipitation were significant for some ions, especially phosphate”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Low NaCl at 25 millimolar stimulated root growth of six-day-old cotton seedlings.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Organ / stage
- 6-day-old seedlingse0
- Treatment
- low NaCl concentrations (25 millimolar)e0
- Outcome
- Root growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root growth of 6-day-old seedlings was stimulated by low NaCl concentrations (25 millimolar)”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher NaCl concentrations inhibited cotton root growth, with the threshold depending on calcium and growth index.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- higher NaCl concentrationse0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- depended on the Ca(2+) concentration and the growth index usede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher NaCl concentrations, root growth was inhibited; the concentration at which this occurred depended on the Ca(2+) concentration and the growth index used”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental calcium mitigated NaCl inhibition of cotton root growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Supplemental Ca(2+)e0
- Outcome
- inhibition of root growth caused by NaCle0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplemental Ca(2+) mitigated the inhibition of root growth caused by NaCl”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton root growth had a curvilinear relationship with the calcium-to-sodium activity ratio.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Compound
- (Ca(2+))/(Na(+))(2) ratioe0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a curvilinear relationship between root growth and the (Ca(2+))/(Na(+))(2) ratio in the nutrient solution”
e1“root growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 27 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →calcium(2+) · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.