Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays important roles in determining plant growth and development owing to its function in maintaining cell wall and membrane integrity. Therefore, understanding the role of Ca2+ in carbon and lipid metabolism could provide insights into the dynamic changes of cell membranes and cell walls during rapid elongation of cotton fibers. In the present study, we found that the lack of Ca2+ promoted fiber elongation and ovule rapid expansion, but also caused tissue browning in ovule culture system. RNA-sequencing revealed that Ca2+ deficiency induced cells to be in a highly oxidized state, and the expression of genes related to carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism was activated significantly. All gene members of 9 key enzymes involving in glycolysis were up-regulated, and glucose was significantly reduced in Ca2+ deficiency treated tissues. Ca2+ deficiency adjusted the flowing of glycolysis metabolic. However, low K+ recovered the expression levels of glycolysis genes and glucose content caused by Ca2+ deficiency. Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry technology was applied to uncover the dynamic profile of lipidome under Ca2+ and K+ interacted condition. Ca2+ deficiency led to the decrease of fatty acid (FA), diacylglycerol (DAG) and glycolipid, and the significant increase of triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG (phosphatidylglycerol) and PC (phosphatidylcholine). Low K+ restored the contents of FA, phospholipids and glycolipids, effectively relieved the symptoms caused by Ca2+ deficiency, and recovered the development of fiber cells. This study revealed dynamic changes in transcript and metabolic levels, and uncovered the signaling interaction of Ca2+ deficiency and low K+ in glycolysis and lipid metabolism during fiber development.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency promoted cotton fiber elongation.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- lack of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- fiber elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of Ca2+ promoted fiber elongation and ovule rapid expansion, but also caused tissue browning in ovule culture system”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency promoted rapid ovule expansion.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- lack of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- ovule rapid expansione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of Ca2+ promoted fiber elongation and ovule rapid expansion, but also caused tissue browning in ovule culture system”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency caused ovule tissue browning in culture.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- ovulee0
- Treatment
- lack of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- tissue browninge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of Ca2+ promoted fiber elongation and ovule rapid expansion, but also caused tissue browning in ovule culture system”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency induced a highly oxidized cellular state.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
- Outcome
- highly oxidized statee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ deficiency induced cells to be in a highly oxidized state”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency significantly activated expression of carbon and lipid metabolism genes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- expression of genes related to carbon metabolism and lipid metabolisme0
- Direction
- activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of genes related to carbon metabolism and lipid metabolism was activated significantly”
t0“Ca2+ deficiency in cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
All gene members of nine glycolytic enzymes were up-regulated under calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- gene members of 9 key enzymes involving in glycolysise0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All gene members of 9 key enzymes involving in glycolysis were up-regulated”
t0“Ca2+ deficiency in cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Glucose was significantly reduced in calcium-deficient tissues.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
- Outcome
- glucosee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glucose was significantly reduced in Ca2+ deficiency treated tissues”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium restored glycolysis gene expression following calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low K+e0
- Outcome
- expression levels of glycolysis genese0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Comparator
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low K+ recovered the expression levels of glycolysis genes and glucose content caused by Ca2+ deficiency”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium restored glucose content following calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- low K+e0
- Outcome
- glucose contente0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Comparator
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low K+ recovered the expression levels of glycolysis genes and glucose content caused by Ca2+ deficiency”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency decreased fatty acid, diacylglycerol and glycolipid levels.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
- Outcome
- fatty acid (FA), diacylglycerol (DAG) and glycolipide0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ca2+ deficiency led to the decrease of fatty acid (FA), diacylglycerol (DAG) and glycolipid”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency significantly increased triacylglycerol.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- triacylglycerol (TAG)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant increase of triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG (phosphatidylglycerol) and PC (phosphatidylcholine)”
t0“Ca2+ deficiency in cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium deficiency significantly increased PE, PG and PC phospholipids.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Ca2+ deficiencyt0
- Outcome
- phospholipid PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG (phosphatidylglycerol) and PC (phosphatidylcholine)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the significant increase of triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid PE (phosphatidylethanolamine), PG (phosphatidylglycerol) and PC (phosphatidylcholine)”
t0“Ca2+ deficiency in cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium restored fatty acid, phospholipid and glycolipid contents.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Low K+e0
- Outcome
- contents of FA, phospholipids and glycolipidse0
- Direction
- restorede0
- Comparator
- Ca2+ deficiencyt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low K+ restored the contents of FA, phospholipids and glycolipids”
t0“Ca2+ deficiency in cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium relieved symptoms of calcium deficiency.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Low K+e0
- Outcome
- symptoms caused by Ca2+ deficiencye0
- Direction
- relievede0
- Comparator
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low K+ restored the contents of FA, phospholipids and glycolipids, effectively relieved the symptoms caused by Ca2+ deficiency”
t0“cotton fibers”
Claim · model-written summary
Low potassium restored fiber cell development.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Low K+e0
- Outcome
- development of fiber cellse0
- Direction
- recoverede0
- Comparator
- Ca2+ deficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low K+ restored the contents of FA, phospholipids and glycolipids, effectively relieved the symptoms caused by Ca2+ deficiency, and recovered the development of fiber cells”
t0“cotton fibers”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.