Abstract
Here, the effects of the ethylene-releasing compound, ethephon, and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), on ionic currents across plasma membranes and on the cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)](c)) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells were characterized using a patch-clamp technique and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Exposure of tobacco protoplasts to ethephon and ACC led to activation of a plasma membrane cation channel that was permeable to Ba(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), and inhibited by La(3+), Gd(3+) and Al(3+). The ethephon- and ACC-induced Ca(2+)-permeable channel was abolished by the antagonist of ethylene perception (1-metycyclopropene) and by the inhibitor of ACC synthase (aminovinylglycin), indicating that activation of the Ca(2+)-permeable channels results from ethylene. Ethephon elicited an increase in the [Ca(2+)](c) of tobacco suspension cells, as visualized by the Ca(2+)-sensitive probe Fluo-3 and confocal microscopy. The ethephon-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](c) was markedly inhibited by Gd(3+) and BAPTA, suggesting that an influx of Ca(2+) underlies the elevation of [Ca(2+)](c). These results indicate that an elevation of [Ca(2+)](c), resulting from activation of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels by ethylene, is an essential component in ethylene signaling in plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon activated a plasma membrane cation channel permeable to three cations.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Organ / stage
- protoplastse0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- activation of a plasma membrane cation channele0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of tobacco protoplasts to ethephon and ACC led to activation of a plasma membrane cation channel that was permeable to Ba(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC activated a plasma membrane cation channel permeable to three cations.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- protoplastse0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- activation of a plasma membrane cation channele0
- Direction
- activatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of tobacco protoplasts to ethephon and ACC led to activation of a plasma membrane cation channel that was permeable to Ba(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+)”
Claim · model-written summary
La(3+), Gd(3+) and Al(3+) inhibited the activated channel.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“a plasma membrane cation channel that was permeable to Ba(2+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), and inhibited by La(3+), Gd(3+) and Al(3+)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ethylene perception antagonist abolished the induced calcium channel.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ethephon- and ACC-induced Ca(2+)-permeable channel was abolished by the antagonist of ethylene perception (1-metycyclopropene)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ACC synthase inhibitor abolished the induced calcium channel.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ethephon- and ACC-induced Ca(2+)-permeable channel was abolished by the antagonist of ethylene perception (1-metycyclopropene) and by the inhibitor of ACC synthase (aminovinylglycin)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased cytosolic calcium activity in tobacco suspension cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- [Ca(2+)](c)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon elicited an increase in the [Ca(2+)](c) of tobacco suspension cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Gd(3+) markedly inhibited the ethephon-induced cytosolic calcium elevation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ethephon-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](c) was markedly inhibited by Gd(3+) and BAPTA”
Claim · model-written summary
BAPTA markedly inhibited the ethephon-induced cytosolic calcium elevation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The ethephon-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](c) was markedly inhibited by Gd(3+) and BAPTA”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer calcium influx underlies the cytosolic calcium elevation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that an influx of Ca(2+) underlies the elevation of [Ca(2+)](c)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer ethylene-activated channels and cytosolic calcium elevation are essential to ethylene signaling.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Outcome
- ethylene signalinge0
- Qualifier
- activation of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels by ethylenee0
Verbatim
e0“an elevation of [Ca(2+)](c), resulting from activation of the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-permeable channels by ethylene, is an essential component in ethylene signaling in plants”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · molecular: metabolites · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.