Abstract
Abstract BACKGROUND: Intercropping maize ( Zea mays L.) with common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can give silage yields that are as high as with monocropped maize, but with more crude protein. Interactions between maize and common bean intercropped in the UK were assessed at a range of plant densities (maize 100 000, 75 000 and 50 000 plants ha −1 and beans at a fixed density of 50 000 plants ha −1 ). RESULTS: In monoculture, maize yield per plant increased as planting density decreased from 100 000 to 50 000 plants ha −1 . At a density of 50 000 maize plants ha −1 , both dry weight yield per plant and shoot N concentrations of maize were greater when intercropped with 50 000 Type III (bush‐type) bean plants ha −1 than in monoculture (196.4 g plant −1 and 167.0 g plant −1 ; 21.6 g N kg −1 dry mass and 17.4 g N kg −1 dry mass, respectively), but intercropping Type IV (climbing) beans at this density combination had no effects on either maize plant weight or shoot N concentration. Invariably, however, the beans grown at 50 000 plants ha −1 were adversely affected by competition with maize at all densities. Weight per plant of both Type III (bush‐type) and Type IV (climbing) beans grown in competition with 50 000 maize plants ha −1 was only about half that of when grown alone. Intercropping gave increased mycorrhizal colonization of both species, especially in unfertilized plots, and gave a higher shoot N concentration in the maize. The beans had more nodules in the intercrop than in the monocrop. CONCLUSIONS: Intercropping maize with Type III common bean at 50 000 plants of each species ha −1 increases yield per maize plant above that of monoculture maize at 50 000 plants ha −1 , despite plant density being doubled. This increase is brought about by increased maize shoot N concentration. Mycorrhizal infection of both species, and bean plant nodulation, are stimulated, and N moves from the beans to the maize. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield per plant increased as monoculture density fell.
- Treatment
- planting density decreased from 100 000 to 50 000 plants ha −1e0
- Outcome
- maize yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In monoculture, maize yield per plant increased as planting density decreased from 100 000 to 50 000 plants ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Type III bean intercropping increased maize dry weight per plant at the stated density.
- Treatment
- intercropped with 50 000 Type III (bush‐type) bean plants ha −1e0
- Interactor
- beane0other
- Outcome
- dry weight yield per plante0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 196.4 g plant −1e0
- Qualifier
- 167.0 g plant −1e0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a density of 50 000 maize plants ha −1 , both dry weight yield per plant and shoot N concentrations of maize were greater when intercropped with 50 000 Type III (bush‐type) bean plants ha −1 than in monoculture (196.4 g plant −1 and 167.0 g plant −1 ; 21.6 g N kg −1 dry mass and 17.4 g N kg −1 dry mass, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Type III bean intercropping increased maize shoot N concentration.
- Treatment
- intercropped with 50 000 Type III (bush‐type) bean plants ha −1e0
- Interactor
- beane0other
- Outcome
- shoot N concentrationse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 21.6 g N kg −1 dry masse0
- Qualifier
- 17.4 g N kg −1 dry masse0
- Comparator
- monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot N concentrations of maize were greater when intercropped with 50 000 Type III (bush‐type) bean plants ha −1 than in monoculture (196.4 g plant −1 and 167.0 g plant −1 ; 21.6 g N kg −1 dry mass and 17.4 g N kg −1 dry mass, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize competition reduced weight of both bean types to about half of monoculture weight.
- Taxon
- beanse0
- Treatment
- grown in competition with 50 000 maize plants ha −1e0
- Outcome
- Weight per plante0
- Direction
- only about halfe0
- Value
- about halfe0
- Comparator
- when grown alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weight per plant of both Type III (bush‐type) and Type IV (climbing) beans grown in competition with 50 000 maize plants ha −1 was only about half that of when grown alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased mycorrhizal colonization in both species, especially without fertilization.
- Taxon
- both speciese0
- Treatment
- Intercroppinge0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal colonizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- especially in unfertilized plotse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping gave increased mycorrhizal colonization of both species, especially in unfertilized plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping increased maize shoot N concentration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping gave increased mycorrhizal colonization of both species, especially in unfertilized plots, and gave a higher shoot N concentration in the maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropped beans had more nodules than monocropped beans.
Verbatim
e0“The beans had more nodules in the intercrop than in the monocrop”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attribute increased maize yield to increased shoot N concentration.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This increase is brought about by increased maize shoot N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that N moves from beans to maize.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N moves from the beans to the maize”
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See all 834 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.