Abstract
Plants accumulate a great diversity of natural products, many of which confer protective effects against phytopathogenic attack. Earlier we had demonstrated that the leaf extracts of Zizyphus jujuba and Ipomoea carnea inhibit the in vitro mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani, and effectively reduce the incidence of sheath blight disease in rice. Here we demonstrate that foliar application of the aqueous leaf extracts of Z. jujuba and I. carnea followed by challenge inoculation with R. solani induces systemic resistance in rice as evident from significantly increased accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, as well as defense-related compounds such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic substances. Thin layer chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites revealed presence of alkaloid and terpenoid compounds in the leaf extracts of Z. jujuba that exhibited toxicity against R. solani under in vitro condition. Thus, the enhanced sheath blight resistance in rice seedlings treated with leaf extracts of Z. jujuba or I. carnea can be attributed to the direct inhibitory effects of these leaf extracts as well as their ability to elicit systemic resistance against R. solani.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar leaf extracts followed by R. solani challenge significantly increased accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- foliar application of the aqueous leaf extracts of Z. jujuba and I. carneae0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteinse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“systemic resistance in rice”
e0“foliar application of the aqueous leaf extracts of Z. jujuba and I. carnea followed by challenge inoculation with R. solani induces systemic resistance in rice”
e1“significantly increased accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, as well as defense-related compounds such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar leaf extracts followed by R. solani challenge significantly increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic substances in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of the aqueous leaf extracts of Z. jujuba and I. carneae0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic substancese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“systemic resistance in rice”
e0“foliar application of the aqueous leaf extracts of Z. jujuba and I. carnea followed by challenge inoculation with R. solani induces systemic resistance in rice”
e1“significantly increased accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase, as well as defense-related compounds such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and phenolic substances”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extracts of Z. jujuba contained alkaloid and terpenoid compounds.
- Taxon
- Z. jujuba
Ziziphus jujubae3 - Outcome
- presence of alkaloid and terpenoid compoundse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Thin layer chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites revealed presence of alkaloid and terpenoid compounds in the leaf extracts of Z. jujuba”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extracts of Z. jujuba showed toxicity against R. solani in vitro.
- Taxon
- Z. jujubaZiziphus jujubae3
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie4pathogen
- Outcome
- toxicity against R. solanie4
- Setting
- in vitro conditione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Thin layer chromatographic separation of secondary metabolites revealed presence of alkaloid and terpenoid compounds in the leaf extracts of Z. jujuba”
e4“exhibited toxicity against R. solani under in vitro condition”
Claim · model-written summary
The enhanced sheath blight resistance of rice may be attributed to direct inhibitory effects of the leaf extracts as well as elicited systemic resistance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- leaf extracts of Z. jujuba or I. carneae5
- Outcome
- sheath blight resistancee5
- Qualifier
- direct inhibitory effectse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“systemic resistance in rice”
e5“the enhanced sheath blight resistance in rice seedlings treated with leaf extracts of Z. jujuba or I. carnea can be attributed to the direct inhibitory effects of these leaf extracts”
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See all 37 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.