Abstract
Indaziflam is an effective PRE herbicide for annual bluegrass control, but soil residual effects could inhibit spring turf establishment in treated areas. To test this hypothesis, field experiments were conducted to evaluate establishment of bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass after fall indaziflam applications. Lateral spread of turfgrasses from plugs in summer generally had no meaningful differences from treatments. However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control while low rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1 ), oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 , and prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 were similar to the nontreated. Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar. Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates, but the low rate of indaziflam was similar to the nontreated at 10 wk after seeding. Overall, fall indaziflam applications at 17.5 to 35 g ha −1 appear safe on vegetative establishment of four warm-season turfgrasses in spring but reseeding bermudagrass in areas treated with rates > 17.5 g ha −1 may cause unacceptable delays in growth.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
High indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1) gave about two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e1“However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Low indaziflam rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1) gave nonrooted stolon numbers similar to the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e1“However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control”
e2“while low rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1 ), oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 , and prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 were similar to the nontreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 gave nonrooted stolon numbers similar to the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e1“However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control”
e2“while low rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1 ), oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 , and prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 were similar to the nontreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 gave nonrooted stolon numbers similar to the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e1“However, high indaziflam rates (70 and 140 g ai ha −1 ) had approximately two-fold more nonrooted stolons than the nontreated control”
e2“while low rates (17.5 and 35 g ha −1 ), oxadiazon at 3360 g ai ha −1 , and prodiamine at 840 g ai ha −1 were similar to the nontreated”
Claim · model-written summary
Lateral spread of turfgrasses from plugs in summer generally showed no meaningful differences among treatments.
- Taxon
- warm-season turfgrassest0
- Treatment
- treatmentse5
- Outcome
- Lateral spread of turfgrassese5
- Direction
- no meaningful differencese5
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e5“Lateral spread of turfgrasses from plugs in summer generally had no meaningful differences from treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species compared with the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e3“Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Prodiamine applied in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species compared with the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e3“Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Low rates of indaziflam gave sprig establishment similar to the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e3“Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon gave sprig establishment similar to the nontreated control.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e3“Indaziflam at 70 g ha −1 and prodiamine applications in fall reduced sprig establishment of the four turf species from the nontreated control, but oxadiazon and low rates of indaziflam were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 reduced bermudagrass establishment from seed by 20 to 50% on several dates.
- Taxon
- bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone4 - Treatment
- indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1e4
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass establishment from seede4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 20 to 50%e4
- Qualifier
- on several datese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e4“Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Prodiamine reduced bermudagrass establishment from seed by 20 to 50% on several dates.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone4
- Treatment
- prodiaminee4
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass establishment from seede4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 20 to 50%e4
- Qualifier
- on several datese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e4“Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon reduced bermudagrass establishment from seed by 20 to 50% on several dates.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone4
- Treatment
- oxadiazone4
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass establishment from seede4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 20 to 50%e4
- Qualifier
- on several datese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e4“Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates”
Claim · model-written summary
The low indaziflam rate gave bermudagrass establishment from seed similar to the nontreated control at 10 weeks after seeding.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone4
- Treatment
- low rate of indaziflame5
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass establishment from seede4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- at 10 wk after seedinge5
- Comparator
- nontreatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e4“Bermudagrass establishment from seed was significantly reduced (20 to 50%) by indaziflam at 35 to 140 g ha −1 , prodiamine, and oxadiazon, on several dates”
e5“but the low rate of indaziflam was similar to the nontreated at 10 wk after seeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall indaziflam applications at 17.5 to 35 g ha −1 appear safe for vegetative establishment of warm-season turfgrasses in spring.
Verbatim
t0“Four Warm-Season Turfgrasses”
e6“fall indaziflam applications at 17.5 to 35 g ha −1 appear safe on vegetative establishment of four warm-season turfgrasses in spring”
Claim · model-written summary
Reseeding bermudagrass in areas treated with indaziflam above 17.5 g ha −1 may cause unacceptable delays in growth.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone7
- Treatment
- rates > 17.5 g ha −1e7
- Outcome
- unacceptable delays in growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“reseeding bermudagrass in areas treated with rates > 17.5 g ha −1 may cause unacceptable delays in growth”
The same questions in other papers
indaziflam · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Oxadiazon · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Prodiamine · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.