Abstract
ABSTRACT Indaziflam is an alkylazine herbicide used for preemergence control of annual weeds in warm‐season turfgrass. Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine the effect of indaziflam rate on bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) shoot and root initiation as influenced by soil texture and organic matter (OM). Bermudagrass plants propagated from stolons were planted in five different growing media, including pure sand (100% sand), sand (92% sand, 6% clay) with or without OM (2%), and loamy sand (82% sand, 12% clay) with or without OM (2%). Indaziflam at rates of 48 or 16 g ha −1 followed by drenches of 2.5 cm of water were applied to the bermudagrass plants after maximal root length reached 30 cm. Bermudagrass growing in pure sand, regardless of indaziflam rate, showed the most injury, with root and shoot biomass reduced to <10 and <32%, respectively, compared with the nonherbicide‐treated control 38 d after treatment (DAT). Increase in clay content and addition of OM at 16 g ha −1 indaziflam significantly improved root biomass to ≥40% at 38 DAT. Despite inhibitions to root growth, aboveground tissues of plants growing in sand and loamy sand with OM showed minimal or no changes in turf color and coverage at 16 g ha −1 indaziflam. Results of this study indicate that small amounts of clay and OM in sandy soil aid in reducing bermudagrass phytotoxicity risk of 16 g ha −1 indaziflam.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
In pure sand, indaziflam reduced root biomass to below 10% of untreated control at 38 DAT.
- Taxon
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0 - Treatment
- indaziflam ratee0
- Outcome
- root biomasse1
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- <10e0
- Comparator
- nonherbicide‐treated controle0
- Setting
- pure sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrass growing in pure sand, regardless of indaziflam rate, showed the most injury, with root and shoot biomass reduced to <10 and <32%, respectively, compared with the nonherbicide‐treated control 38 d after treatment (DAT).”
e1“root biomass to ≥40%”
Claim · model-written summary
In pure sand, indaziflam reduced shoot biomass to below 32% of untreated control at 38 DAT.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- indaziflam ratee0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- <32%e0
- Comparator
- nonherbicide‐treated controle0
- Setting
- pure sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrass growing in pure sand, regardless of indaziflam rate, showed the most injury, with root and shoot biomass reduced to <10 and <32%, respectively, compared with the nonherbicide‐treated control 38 d after treatment (DAT).”
Claim · model-written summary
More clay and organic matter improved root biomass under 16 g ha −1 indaziflam to at least 40% at 38 DAT.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- Increase in clay content and addition of OMe0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- ≥40%e0
- Qualifier
- 16 g ha −1 indaziflame0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in clay content and addition of OM at 16 g ha −1 indaziflam significantly improved root biomass to ≥40% at 38 DAT.”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 g ha −1 indaziflam, organic matter media had minimal or no change in turf color and coverage despite inhibited root growth.
- Taxon
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylont0
- Treatment
- 16 g ha −1 indaziflame0
- Outcome
- turf color and coveragee0
- Direction
- minimal or no changese0
- Setting
- sand and loamy sand with OMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite inhibitions to root growth, aboveground tissues of plants growing in sand and loamy sand with OM showed minimal or no changes in turf color and coverage at 16 g ha −1 indaziflam.”
t0“Bermudagrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that small clay and organic matter additions to sandy soil reduce bermudagrass phytotoxicity risk from 16 g ha −1 indaziflam.
- Taxon
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
- Treatment
- small amounts of clay and OM in sandy soile0
- Outcome
- reducing bermudagrass phytotoxicity riske0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“small amounts of clay and OM in sandy soil aid in reducing bermudagrass phytotoxicity risk of 16 g ha −1 indaziflam”
The same questions in other papers
indaziflam · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →organic · growth · Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.