Abstract
The mycorrhizal associations of Australian Lobelioideae (Lobelia, Pratia and Isotoma) were found to be complex. Perennial species of these genera were solely VA mycorrhizal, whereas annual species were both VA and ectomycorrhizal. Lobelia gibbosa, L. simplicicaulis and L. rhomblfolia had unusual inter- cellular mycorrhizas formed with ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes. While all annual Australian Lobelioideae formed associations with both VA and ectomycorrhizal fungi, five species of Lobelia from South Africa or North America were solely VA mycorrhizal, whether annual or perennial. Seed of the Australian Lobelioideae examined required a ripening period of several months or longer before germination. Seed of L. gibbosa, L. simplicicaulis and L. rhombifolia on germination produced only a short radicle that did not develop further unless invaded by a mycorrhizal fungus. Seed of L. gibbosa and L. simplicicaulis placed beside growing mycorrhizas of certain ascomycetes with young plants of Melaleuca uncinata germinated, and the seedlings became mycorrhizal, grew, and flowered. The subterranean stage dependent on mycorrhizal association with a companion plant lasted 3-4 months. Germinated seed of L. gibbosa on simple agar media failed to become mycorrhizal with appropriate ascomycetes or to develop further. In asymbiotic culture on media incorporating sucrose seedling growth was slight but, in the presence of sucrose and kinetin or N-benzylaminopurine, L. gibbosa developed shoots and often formed small plants that flowered. Root development, however, was scanty or absent even in the presence of the growth substances a-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Young plants of L. gibbosa from the field transplanted to U.C. mix or sterilised forest soil failed to produce new roots. The plants grew slowly but remained small and produced few flowers, suggesting that mycorrhizal companion plants may also contribute to their growth besides being necessary in seedling development.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal associations of Australian Lobelioideae were complex.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The mycorrhizal associations of Australian Lobelioideae (Lobelia, Pratia and Isotoma) were found to be complex.”
Claim · model-written summary
Perennial species were solely VA mycorrhizal.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Perennial species of these genera were solely VA mycorrhizal”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual species were both VA and ectomycorrhizal.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“annual species were both VA and ectomycorrhizal”
Claim · model-written summary
Three Lobelia species had unusual intercellular mycorrhizas with ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes.
Verbatim
e0“Lobelia gibbosa, L. simplicicaulis and L. rhomblfolia had unusual inter- cellular mycorrhizas formed with ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five Lobelia species from South Africa or North America were solely VA mycorrhizal regardless of life cycle.
LobeliaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five species of Lobelia from South Africa or North America were solely VA mycorrhizal, whether annual or perennial”
Claim · model-written summary
Australian Lobelioideae seed required months of ripening before germination.
- Taxon
- Australian Lobelioideaee0
- Organ / stage
- Seede0
- Outcome
- required a ripening period of several months or longer before germinatione0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Seed of the Australian Lobelioideae examined required a ripening period of several months or longer before germination.”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated seed of three Lobelia species developed only a short radicle unless invaded by a mycorrhizal fungus.
- Taxon
- L. gibbosa, L. simplicicaulis and L. rhombifolia
.jpg?width=60)
Lobelia gibbosa
Lobelia rhombifoliaLobelia simplicicaulise0 - Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Interactor
- a mycorrhizal funguse0symbiont
- Outcome
- did not develop furthere0
- Direction
- did not develop furthere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seed of L. gibbosa, L. simplicicaulis and L. rhombifolia on germination produced only a short radicle that did not develop further unless invaded by a mycorrhizal fungus.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds of L. gibbosa and L. simplicicaulis beside ascomycete mycorrhizas with Melaleuca uncinata germinated, grew and flowered.
- Taxon
- L. gibbosa and L. simplicicaulisLobelia gibbosaLobelia simplicicaulise0
- Interactor
- certain ascomycetese0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Melaleuca uncinata
.JPG?width=60)
Melaleuca uncinatae0other - Outcome
- germinated, and the seedlings became mycorrhizal, grew, and flowerede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seed of L. gibbosa and L. simplicicaulis placed beside growing mycorrhizas of certain ascomycetes with young plants of Melaleuca uncinata germinated, and the seedlings became mycorrhizal, grew, and flowered.”
Claim · model-written summary
The subterranean stage dependent on a mycorrhizal companion plant lasted 3-4 months.
- Taxon
- Lobelioideaet0
- Organ / stage
- subterranean stagee0
- Outcome
- subterranean stage dependent on mycorrhizal association with a companion plante0
- Value
- 3-4 monthse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“The subterranean stage dependent on mycorrhizal association with a companion plant lasted 3-4 months.”
t0“Lobelioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinated L. gibbosa seed on simple agar did not become mycorrhizal or develop further.
- Taxon
- L. gibbosaLobelia gibbosae0
- Interactor
- appropriate ascomycetese0symbiont
- Outcome
- failed to become mycorrhizal with appropriate ascomycetes or to develop furthere0
- Setting
- simple agar mediae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germinated seed of L. gibbosa on simple agar media failed to become mycorrhizal with appropriate ascomycetes or to develop further.”
Claim · model-written summary
In asymbiotic culture with sucrose, L. gibbosa seedling growth was slight.
Verbatim
e0“In asymbiotic culture on media incorporating sucrose seedling growth was slight”
t0“Lobelioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
With sucrose and kinetin or N-benzylaminopurine, L. gibbosa developed shoots and small flowering plants.
- Taxon
- L. gibbosaLobelia gibbosae0
- Treatment
- sucrose and kinetin or N-benzylaminopurinee0
- Outcome
- developed shoots and often formed small plants that flowerede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the presence of sucrose and kinetin or N-benzylaminopurine, L. gibbosa developed shoots and often formed small plants that flowered”
Claim · model-written summary
L. gibbosa root development was scanty or absent even with two growth substances.
Verbatim
e0“Root development, however, was scanty or absent even in the presence of the growth substances a-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.”
t0“Lobelioideae”
Claim · model-written summary
Field collected young L. gibbosa transplanted to U.C. mix or sterilised forest soil failed to produce new roots.
- Taxon
- L. gibbosaLobelia gibbosae0
- Treatment
- U.C. mix or sterilised forest soile0
- Outcome
- new rootse0
- Direction
- failed to producee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Young plants of L. gibbosa from the field transplanted to U.C. mix or sterilised forest soil failed to produce new roots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplanted L. gibbosa grew slowly, remained small and produced few flowers.
Verbatim
e0“The plants grew slowly but remained small and produced few flowers, suggesting that mycorrhizal companion plants may also contribute to their growth besides being necessary in seedling development.”
t0“Lobelioideae”