Abstract
The grain N uptake response of an opportunity cropping regime comprising summer and winter cereal and legume crops to fertiliser nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applications was studied in 2 long-term experiments with contrasting durations of cultivation. At the longer cultivation duration Colonsay site (>44 years at commencement), grain N uptake increased with fertiliser N application in 15 of 17 harvested crops from 1985 to 2003. Grain sorghum on short-fallow consistently responded to applied fertiliser N at higher rates (=80 kg N/ha) than crops grown on long-fallow where either fertiliser at nil or 40 kg N/ha maximised grain N uptake. Winter cereal response to applied N was influenced by fallow length, generally smaller responses in long fallow years, although in-crop rainfall affected this. Short-fallow crops responded up to 40 or 80 kg applied N/ha, while seasonal growing-season rainfall affected the responses of the double-crop winter cereals the most. Responses to applied fertiliser N at the shorter duration cultivation Myling site (9 years at commencement) generally occurred only under high-intensity cropping periods, or in those crops sown following periods of slower potential N mineralisation. Phosphorus fertiliser application influenced grain N uptake at both locations in some years, with winter cereals, legumes, and sorghum sown following long-fallow generally significant. Cumulative grain N uptakes in both experiments were independently influenced by fertiliser N and P treatments, P having an additive effect, increasing grain yield and grain N removed. Recovery efficiency of fertiliser N in grain, derived from cumulative N fertiliser application and grain N uptake, in general declined as amount of fertiliser N applied increased; however, as N supplies became less limiting to yield, P fertiliser generated higher fertiliser N recovery in grain. At Colonsay, RENG from cumulative uptake and removal was =0.48 with fertiliser P application for cumulative fertiliser N input =1340 kg N/ha (˜80 kg fertiliser N/ha.crop).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N uptake increased with fertilizer N in 15 of 17 crops at Colonsay.
- Taxon
- cereal and legume cropse1
- Treatment
- fertiliser N applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15 of 17 harvested cropse0
- Setting
- Colonsay sitee2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain N uptake increased with fertiliser N application in 15 of 17 harvested crops from 1985 to 2003”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
e2“Colonsay site”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-fallow sorghum needed higher N rates for grain N uptake than long-fallow crops.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- applied fertiliser N at higher rates (=80 kg N/ha)e0
- Outcome
- grain N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- nil or 40 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- crops grown on long-fallowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain sorghum on short-fallow consistently responded to applied fertiliser N at higher rates (=80 kg N/ha) than crops grown on long-fallow where either fertiliser at nil or 40 kg N/ha maximised grain N uptake.”
Claim · model-written summary
Winter cereal N responses were smaller after long fallow, subject to rainfall.
Verbatim
e0“Winter cereal response to applied N was influenced by fallow length, generally smaller responses in long fallow years, although in-crop rainfall affected this.”
Claim · model-written summary
Short-fallow crops responded to up to 40 or 80 kg N/ha.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Short-fallow crops responded up to 40 or 80 kg applied N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfall most affected N responses of double-crop winter cereals.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“seasonal growing-season rainfall affected the responses of the double-crop winter cereals the most.”
Claim · model-written summary
At Myling, N responses generally arose only under intensive cropping or slower N mineralization.
- Taxon
- cropse0
- Outcome
- Responses to applied fertiliser Ne0
- Qualifier
- high-intensity cropping periodse0
- Setting
- Myling sitee0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Responses to applied fertiliser N at the shorter duration cultivation Myling site (9 years at commencement) generally occurred only under high-intensity cropping periods, or in those crops sown following periods of slower potential N mineralisation.”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer influenced grain N uptake at both sites in some years.
- Taxon
- winter cereals, legumes, and sorghume0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertiliser applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain N uptakee0
- Qualifier
- both locations in some yearse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus fertiliser application influenced grain N uptake at both locations in some years, with winter cereals, legumes, and sorghum sown following long-fallow generally significant.”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer added to cumulative grain N uptake.
- Taxon
- cereal and legume cropse1
- Treatment
- fertiliser N and P treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Cumulative grain N uptakese0
- Direction
- additive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Cumulative grain N uptakes in both experiments were independently influenced by fertiliser N and P treatments, P having an additive effect, increasing grain yield and grain N removed.”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“P having an additive effect, increasing grain yield and grain N removed.”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer increased grain N removal.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“P having an additive effect, increasing grain yield and grain N removed.”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N recovery in grain fell as N rate rose.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery efficiency of fertiliser N in grain, derived from cumulative N fertiliser application and grain N uptake, in general declined as amount of fertiliser N applied increased”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilizer raised N recovery in grain when N was less limiting.
- Taxon
- cereal and legume cropse1
- Treatment
- P fertilisere0
- Outcome
- fertiliser N recovery in graine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- as N supplies became less limiting to yielde0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“as N supplies became less limiting to yield, P fertiliser generated higher fertiliser N recovery in grain.”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
Claim · model-written summary
At Colonsay cumulative fertilizer N recovery was 0.48 with P at cumulative input 1340 kg N/ha.
Verbatim
e0“At Colonsay, RENG from cumulative uptake and removal was =0.48 with fertiliser P application for cumulative fertiliser N input =1340 kg N/ha (˜80 kg fertiliser N/ha.crop).”
e1“summer and winter cereal and legume crops”
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.