Abstract
There have been inconsistent reports that maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids with the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1 Ab transgene contain more lignin than non‐Bt hybrids of similar genetic background. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the cry1 Ab transgene on lignin concentration (using three different assays), yield, and forage quality traits of maize. Replicated trials were conducted at four locations in Minnesota with 12 commercial hybrids (three MON810 and three Bt11 cry1 Ab transgene event hybrids, and respective near‐isogenic controls). Whole plants and the fourth elongated, above‐ground internodes were harvested at silage maturity. Samples were analyzed for crude protein, starch, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, 24‐ and 96‐h in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, and lignin (acid detergent, Klason, and acetyl bromide). European corn borers ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were not controlled and damage was limited to the non‐Bt hybrids, averaging 1.5 internodes plant −1 with tunnels. Environment and environment × hybrid interactions affected all measures of maize performance and quality, but comparisons of non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs, for both whole plants and internodes, found no consistent differences in yield, nutrient content, in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, or lignin concentration. Differences in lignin concentration were infrequent, small in magnitude, and inconsistent between a few non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs at individual locations. Two non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs did not differ in lignin concentration at any location. Contrary to some earlier reports, presence of the cry1 Ab transgene did not alter lignin concentration or other forage quality traits of maize stover in commercial maize hybrids.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Corn borer damage occurred only in non-Bt hybrids, averaging 1.5 tunneled internodes per plant.
- Material
- non‐Bt hybridse0
- Interactor
- Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner
Ostrinia nubilalise0pest - Outcome
- damagee0
- Value
- 1.5 internodes plant −1e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“European corn borers ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were not controlled and damage was limited to the non‐Bt hybrids, averaging 1.5 internodes plant −1 with tunnels.”
Claim · model-written summary
Environment and environment-by-hybrid interactions affected maize performance and quality.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Environment and environment × hybrid interactions affected all measures of maize performance and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt and non-Bt hybrid pairs showed no consistent difference in yield.
- Organ / stage
- whole plants and internodese0
- Treatment
- Bt hybrid pairse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no consistent differencese0
- Comparator
- non‐Bte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“comparisons of non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs, for both whole plants and internodes, found no consistent differences in yield, nutrient content, in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, or lignin concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt and non-Bt hybrid pairs showed no consistent difference in nutrient content.
- Organ / stage
- whole plants and internodese0
- Treatment
- Bt hybrid pairse0
- Outcome
- nutrient contente0
- Direction
- no consistent differencese0
- Comparator
- non‐Bte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“comparisons of non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs, for both whole plants and internodes, found no consistent differences in yield, nutrient content, in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, or lignin concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt and non-Bt hybrid pairs showed no consistent difference in in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility.
- Organ / stage
- whole plants and internodese0
- Treatment
- Bt hybrid pairse0
- Outcome
- in vitro ruminal NDF digestibilitye0
- Direction
- no consistent differencese0
- Comparator
- non‐Bte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“comparisons of non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs, for both whole plants and internodes, found no consistent differences in yield, nutrient content, in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, or lignin concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bt and non-Bt hybrid pairs showed no consistent difference in lignin concentration.
- Organ / stage
- whole plants and internodese0
- Treatment
- Bt hybrid pairse0
- Outcome
- lignin concentratione0
- Direction
- no consistent differencese0
- Comparator
- non‐Bte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“comparisons of non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs, for both whole plants and internodes, found no consistent differences in yield, nutrient content, in vitro ruminal NDF digestibility, or lignin concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Lignin concentration differences in a few hybrid pairs were infrequent, small and location-dependent.
- Outcome
- Differences in lignin concentratione0
- Qualifier
- infrequent, small in magnitude, and inconsistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Maize”
e0“Differences in lignin concentration were infrequent, small in magnitude, and inconsistent between a few non‐Bt/Bt hybrid pairs at individual locations.”
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