Abstract
Summary. Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) in nutritional trials on a Zn-deficient lateritic red earth that was replaced after bauxite mining at Weipa (12°28"S, 141°53"E). The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil. The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn. Two techniques were studied to establish if they could be used to correct Zn deficiency early in the growth of cassava: one was the fertilisation of cassava plants before cutting the stems for planting setts, and the other was soaking cassava setts in Zn solutions for various times at 101 kPa (atmospheric pressure) or 51 kPa (partial pressure). Setts, after treatments, were planted into pots of lateritic soil from Weipa. Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms. However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts. Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades. These treatments were: soaking in 17.4 or 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 h at 51 kPa; and soaking in 69.5 mmol Zn/L for 5 h and in 139 mmol Zn/L for 0.5 and 5 h at 101 kPa. These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency limited the early growth of cassava.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentae0 - Treatment
- Zinc (Zn) deficiencye0
- Outcome
- early growthe0
- Direction
- limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency symptoms developed 2 weeks after emergence despite band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- band application of 0–32 kg Zn/hae1
- Outcome
- symptomse1
- Value
- 2 weeks after emergencee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e1“The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency symptoms were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- rates of Zn or other fertiliserse1
- Outcome
- symptomse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e1“The symptoms developed at 2 weeks after emergence, despite the band application of 0–32 kg Zn/ha and were not related to rates of Zn or other fertilisers applied to the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc deficiency in cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts before root access to soil and fertiliser Zn.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- Zn deficiencye2
- Qualifier
- low Zn in settse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e2“The Zn deficiency in the cassava plants was attributed to low Zn in setts”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae3
- Treatment
- prior fertilisation of cassava plantse3
- Outcome
- incidence of Zn deficiencye3
- Direction
- decreasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e3“However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior fertilisation of cassava plants did not increase the Zn concentration in setts.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae3
- Treatment
- prior fertilisation of cassava plantse3
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in settse3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e3“However, the prior fertilisation of cassava plants failed to decrease the incidence of Zn deficiency in plants and did not increase the Zn concentration in setts”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions (17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L) did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/Le4
- Outcome
- Zn-deficiency symptomse4
- Direction
- did not develope4
- Comparator
- unsoaked setts or setts soaked in watere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e4“Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
62% of plants grown from unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed Zn-deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Outcome
- Zn-deficiency symptomse4
- Value
- 62%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e4“Plants grown from setts soaked in ZnSO4 solutions varying from 17.4 to 348 mmol Zn/L did not develop Zn-deficiency symptoms, whereas, 62% of plants grown from either unsoaked setts or setts soaked in water developed symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Several zinc solution treatments significantly increased the Zn concentration in setts.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- Several treatments in Zn solutionse5
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in settse5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e5“Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc solution treatments were not detrimental to shoot emergence or subsequent growth.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- Several treatments in Zn solutionse5
- Outcome
- shoot emergencee5
- Direction
- not detrimentale5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e5“Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
The zinc solution treatments provided an adequate Zn concentration in cassava leaf blades.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae0
- Treatment
- Several treatments in Zn solutionse5
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in leaf bladese5
- Direction
- adequatee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e5“Several treatments in Zn solutions were found to significantly increase the Zn concentration in setts, were not detrimental to shoot emergence nor the subsequent growth of plants, and provided an adequate Zn concentration in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
These zinc soaking treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentae6
- Outcome
- overcome early Zn deficiencye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) deficiency limited the early growth of cassava”
e6“These treatments could be used to overcome early Zn deficiency in cassava plants where the deficiency is a problem despite the soil application of Zn fertilisers”
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