Abstract
Samples of two Ageratum conyzoides, one Sonchus oleraceus and one turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from Pakistan and Nepal. Full-length begomovirus clones were obtained from the four plant samples and betasatellite clones from three of these. The begomovirus sequences were shown to be isolates of Ageratum enation virus (AEV) with greater than 89.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the 26 AEV sequences available in the databases. The three betasatellite sequences were shown to be isolates of Ageratum yellow leaf curl betasatellite (AYLCB) with greater than 90% identity to the 18 AYLCB sequences available in the databases. The AEV sequences were shown to fall into two distinct strains, for which the names Nepal (consisting of isolates from Nepal, India, and Pakistan-including the isolates identified here) and India (isolates occurring only in India) strains are proposed. For the clones obtained from two AEV isolates, with their AYLCB, infectivity was shown by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon and A. conyzoides. N. benthamiana plants infected with AEV alone or betasatellite alone showed no symptoms. N. benthamiana plants infected with AEV with its associated betasatellite showed leaf curl symptoms. The findings show that AEV is predominantly a virus of weeds that has the capacity to infect crops. AYLCB appears to be the common partner betasatellite of AEV and is associated with diseases with a range of very different symptoms in the same plant species. The inability to satisfy Koch's postulates with the cloned components of isolate SOL in A. conyzoides suggests that the etiology may be more complex than a single virus with a single betasatellite.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Begomovirus clones were obtained from all four sampled plants.
_-_Cielitos.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
AgeratumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Cielitos.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Full-length begomovirus clones were obtained from the four plant samples”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Betasatellite clones were obtained from three of four sampled plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“betasatellite clones from three of these”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Begomovirus sequences were AEV isolates with greater than 89.1% identity to database sequences.
- Interactor
- Ageratum enation virusBegomovirus ageratie0pathogen
- Outcome
- nucleotide sequence identitye0
- Value
- greater than 89.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The begomovirus sequences were shown to be isolates of Ageratum enation virus (AEV) with greater than 89.1% nucleotide sequence identity to the 26 AEV sequences available in the databases”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Betasatellite sequences were AYLCB isolates with greater than 90% identity.
- Interactor
- Ageratum yellow leaf curl betasatelliteBetasatellite ageraflavinvolutionise0pathogen
- Outcome
- identitye0
- Value
- greater than 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The three betasatellite sequences were shown to be isolates of Ageratum yellow leaf curl betasatellite (AYLCB) with greater than 90% identity to the 18 AYLCB sequences available in the databases”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AEV sequences fell into Nepal and India strains.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AEV sequences were shown to fall into two distinct strains, for which the names Nepal (consisting of isolates from Nepal, India, and Pakistan-including the isolates identified here) and India (isolates occurring only in India) strains are proposed”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AEV plus AYLCB clones infected Nicotiana benthamiana after inoculation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Agrobacterium-mediated inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume0other - Outcome
- infectivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“infectivity was shown by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon and A. conyzoides”
Claim · model-written summary
AEV plus AYLCB clones infected N. tabacum after inoculation.
- Taxon
- N. tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Agrobacterium-mediated inoculatione0
- Outcome
- infectivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infectivity was shown by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon and A. conyzoides”
Claim · model-written summary
AEV plus AYLCB clones infected Solanum lycopersicon after inoculation.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“infectivity was shown by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon and A. conyzoides”
Claim · model-written summary
AEV plus AYLCB clones infected A. conyzoides after inoculation.
- Taxon
- A. conyzoides
Ageratum conyzoidese0 - Treatment
- Agrobacterium-mediated inoculatione0
- Outcome
- infectivitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infectivity was shown by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation to Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum, Solanum lycopersicon and A. conyzoides”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana infected with AEV alone showed no symptoms.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- AEVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants infected with AEV alone or betasatellite alone showed no symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana infected with betasatellite alone showed no symptoms.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- betasatelliteBetasatellitee0pathogen
- Outcome
- no symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants infected with AEV alone or betasatellite alone showed no symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana infected with AEV plus associated betasatellite showed leaf curl.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Interactor
- AEVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- betasatelliteBetasatellitee0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf curl symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N. benthamiana plants infected with AEV with its associated betasatellite showed leaf curl symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude AEV is predominantly a weed virus capable of infecting crops.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AEV is predominantly a virus of weeds that has the capacity to infect crops”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
AYLCB appears to be a common AEV partner associated with varied disease symptoms in the same plant species.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AYLCB appears to be the common partner betasatellite of AEV and is associated with diseases with a range of very different symptoms in the same plant species”
t0“Ageratum enation virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Failure to satisfy Koch’s postulates with isolate SOL components suggests a more complex disease etiology.
- Taxon
- A. conyzoidesAgeratum conyzoidese0
- Outcome
- etiology may be more complex than a single virus with a single betasatellitee0
- Qualifier
- inability to satisfy Koch's postulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inability to satisfy Koch's postulates with the cloned components of isolate SOL in A. conyzoides suggests that the etiology may be more complex than a single virus with a single betasatellite”
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