Abstract
Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) used in this study germinated 98% at 25 C in light or dark. Their germination was completely inhibited by 0.20 m NaCl, 0.35 m mannitol, or polyethylene glycol 6000 (-7 bars) under continuous light when germination tests were made in Petri dishes. Approximately 50% germination occurred in sealed flasks due to endogenously produced C(2)H(4) and CO(2). Removal of either or both gases prevented germination. In the presence of endogenous CO(2), addition of C(2)H(4) (0.5 to 16 microliters/liter) stimulated 95 to 100% germination (after 5 days) only in the light, but the rate of germination was dependent on C(2)H(4) concentration. At 16 microliters/liter C(2)H(4), full germination occurred within 72 hours. Addition of up to 3.2% CO(2) had no adverse effect on the C(2)H(4) action. Higher concentrations or the complete absence of CO(2) reduced both rate and total germination. CO(2) alone was ineffective.Under these osmotic conditions the promotive effect of C(2)H(4) was under the control of phytochrome.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce seeds germinated 98% at 25 C in light or dark.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Outcome
- germinatede0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Qualifier
- 25 C in light or darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.) used in this study germinated 98% at 25 C in light or dark.”
Claim · model-written summary
0.20 m NaCl completely inhibited lettuce germination under continuous light.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.20 m NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- under continuous lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their germination was completely inhibited by 0.20 m NaCl, 0.35 m mannitol, or polyethylene glycol 6000 (-7 bars) under continuous light when germination tests were made in Petri dishes.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
0.35 m mannitol completely inhibited lettuce germination under continuous light.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 0.35 m mannitole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their germination was completely inhibited by 0.20 m NaCl, 0.35 m mannitol, or polyethylene glycol 6000 (-7 bars) under continuous light when germination tests were made in Petri dishes.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene glycol 6000 at -7 bars completely inhibited lettuce germination.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- polyethylene glycol 6000 (-7 bars)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Their germination was completely inhibited by 0.20 m NaCl, 0.35 m mannitol, or polyethylene glycol 6000 (-7 bars) under continuous light when germination tests were made in Petri dishes.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
About 50% germination occurred in sealed flasks due to endogenous ethylene and carbon dioxide.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- due to endogenously produced C(2)H(4) and CO(2)e0
- Setting
- sealed flaskse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 50% germination occurred in sealed flasks due to endogenously produced C(2)H(4) and CO(2).”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing either or both endogenous gases prevented lettuce germination.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Removal of either or both gasese0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Removal of either or both gases prevented germination.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
With endogenous carbon dioxide, added ethylene stimulated 95 to 100% germination after 5 days only in light.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of C(2)H(4) (0.5 to 16 microliters/liter)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 95 to 100%e0
- Qualifier
- after 5 days) only in the lighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of endogenous CO(2), addition of C(2)H(4) (0.5 to 16 microliters/liter) stimulated 95 to 100% germination (after 5 days) only in the light”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate depended on ethylene concentration.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Compound
- C(2)H(4)e0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rate of germination was dependent on C(2)H(4) concentration.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
At 16 microliters/liter ethylene, lettuce fully germinated within 72 hours.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- 16 microliters/liter C(2)H(4)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- fulle0
- Qualifier
- within 72 hourse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 16 microliters/liter C(2)H(4), full germination occurred within 72 hours.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Added carbon dioxide up to 3.2% did not adversely affect ethylene action.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Addition of up to 3.2% CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- C(2)H(4) actione0
- Direction
- no adverse effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of up to 3.2% CO(2) had no adverse effect on the C(2)H(4) action.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher carbon dioxide concentrations reduced germination rate and total germination.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher concentrationse0
- Outcome
- rate and total germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentrations or the complete absence of CO(2) reduced both rate and total germination.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete absence of carbon dioxide reduced germination rate and total germination.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- complete absence of CO(2)e0
- Outcome
- rate and total germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher concentrations or the complete absence of CO(2) reduced both rate and total germination.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide alone was ineffective for germination.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- CO(2) alonee0
- Outcome
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CO(2) alone was ineffective.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochrome controlled the promotive effect of ethylene under osmotic conditions.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Gene
- phytochromee0
- Outcome
- promotive effect of C(2)H(4)e0
- Qualifier
- Under these osmotic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under these osmotic conditions the promotive effect of C(2)H(4) was under the control of phytochrome.”
t0“Lettuce Seed”
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