Abstract
ABSTRACT A leaf spot disease with unknown etiology has become more pronounced in spring and winter barley in Germany in recent years. The symptoms are similar to net blotch and Ramularia leaf spots, but the causal agents of these diseases are not identified. The symptom expression varied much on cultivars. Cultivars most affected by the disease of both spring and winter barley showed a significantly higher level of superoxide (O(2) ) production and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), but a lower level of antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and integral water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW) than insensitive cultivars. A high positive correlation between O(2) production and leaf spot development between ear emergence and milk ripeness was established in the most sensitive winter barley cv. Anoa (r(2) = 0.9622) and spring barley cv. Barke (r(2) = 0.9434). Leaf H(2)O(2) levels increased with the severity of leaf spots. The histochemical localization of O(2) and H(2)O(2) in the tissues adjacent to leaf spots indicated that these two active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in the formation of leaf spots. Reduction of symptom severity by applying strobilurin and azole fungicides was always associated with elevated SOD activity and ACW content and suppressed O(2) production. However, peroxidase activities were significantly higher in sensitive cultivars and in more severely affected tissues and decreased by applying fungicides. Thus, it is assumed that a possible genetic mechanism based on the imbalanced AOS metabolism contributes to formation of physiological leaf spots.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf spot symptoms varied among cultivars.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- symptom expressione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The symptom expression varied much on cultivars.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected cultivars had significantly higher superoxide production and lipid peroxidation than insensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Cultivars most affectede0
- Outcome
- superoxide (O(2) ) production and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- spring and winter barleye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivars most affected by the disease of both spring and winter barley showed a significantly higher level of superoxide (O(2) ) production and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde)”
Claim · model-written summary
Affected cultivars had lower antioxidant capacity than insensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- insensitive cultivarse0
- Outcome
- antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and integral water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower level of antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity, and integral water-soluble antioxidant capacity (ACW) than insensitive cultivars.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide production correlated positively with leaf spot development in Anoa and Barke.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Anoae0
- Organ / stage
- between ear emergence and milk ripenesse0
- Outcome
- leaf spot developmente0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r(2) = 0.9622e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high positive correlation between O(2) production and leaf spot development between ear emergence and milk ripeness was established in the most sensitive winter barley cv. Anoa (r(2) = 0.9622) and spring barley cv. Barke (r(2) = 0.9434).”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide production correlated positively with leaf spot development in Barke.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Material
- Barkee0
- Outcome
- leaf spot developmente0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Value
- r(2) = 0.9434e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A high positive correlation between O(2) production and leaf spot development between ear emergence and milk ripeness was established in the most sensitive winter barley cv. Anoa (r(2) = 0.9622) and spring barley cv. Barke (r(2) = 0.9434).”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf hydrogen peroxide increased with leaf spot severity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- Leafe0
- Outcome
- Leaf H(2)O(2) levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf spotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf H(2)O(2) levels increased with the severity of leaf spots.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Localization of reactive oxygen species adjacent to spots supported their involvement in spot formation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- tissues adjacent to leaf spotse0
- Outcome
- formation of leaf spotse0
- Qualifier
- two active oxygen species (AOS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The histochemical localization of O(2) and H(2)O(2) in the tissues adjacent to leaf spots indicated that these two active oxygen species (AOS) are involved in the formation of leaf spots.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Strobilurin and azole fungicides reduced leaf spot severity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- strobilurin and azole fungicidese0
- Outcome
- symptom severitye0
- Direction
- Reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of symptom severity by applying strobilurin and azole fungicides”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatment was associated with elevated SOD activity and antioxidant capacity and suppressed superoxide production.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Outcome
- SOD activity and ACW contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction of symptom severity by applying strobilurin and azole fungicides was always associated with elevated SOD activity and ACW content and suppressed O(2) production.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase activity was higher in sensitive cultivars and more severely affected tissues.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- sensitive cultivarse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase activities were significantly higher in sensitive cultivars and in more severely affected tissues”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application decreased peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- applying fungicidese0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peroxidase activities were significantly higher in sensitive cultivars and in more severely affected tissues and decreased by applying fungicides.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that imbalanced reactive oxygen metabolism contributes to physiological leaf spots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- formation of physiological leaf spotse0
- Qualifier
- imbalanced AOS metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is assumed that a possible genetic mechanism based on the imbalanced AOS metabolism contributes to formation of physiological leaf spots.”
t0“Barley”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · disease · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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- negative
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See all 32 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.