Abstract
Different spectroscopic techniques based on infrared and Raman were used to evaluate the natural wax and related surface quality of apple fruit. Transmission near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was applied to solutions of single wax components and extracted apple wax. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used for transmission measurements of wax films on NaCl crystals, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to analyze wax powders, and FT-Raman spectroscopy was explored to examine intact wax layers on whole fruit. The natural wax layers of apple fruit from a maximum of three different cultivars (Jonagold, Jonagored, and Elshof) from three picking dates (early, commercial, and late), three controlled atmosphere storage durations (0, 4, and 8 months), and three shelf life periods (0, 1, and 2 weeks) within each storage duration were examined. Canonical discriminant analysis was carried out on the first derivative NIR and FTIR spectra to describe the information contained in the spectra. Discrimination between cultivars and between storage duration based on wax layer properties was achieved with reasonable accuracy from both of the techniques. Information contained in the spectra of apples from different picking dates and shelf life periods was not significant. Differences between cultivars and storage periods in this analysis mostly related to differences in the number of aliphatic chains (e.g., alkanes and esters) and the presence of alpha-farnesene. No satisfactory results were obtained by means of Raman spectroscopy and DRIFTS.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
NIR and FTIR spectra discriminated apple cultivars and storage durations with reasonable accuracy.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- Discrimination between cultivars and between storage duratione1
- Value
- reasonable accuracye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Surface Quality of Apple”
e1“Discrimination between cultivars and between storage duration based on wax layer properties was achieved with reasonable accuracy from both of the techniques”
Claim · model-written summary
Spectra of apples showed no significant information from picking dates or shelf life periods.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- picking dates and shelf life periodse1
- Outcome
- Information contained in the spectrae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Information contained in the spectra of apples from different picking dates and shelf life periods was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences between cultivars and storage periods mostly related to the number of aliphatic chains.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- storage periodse1
- Outcome
- number of aliphatic chainse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Surface Quality of Apple”
e1“Differences between cultivars and storage periods in this analysis mostly related to differences in the number of aliphatic chains (e.g., alkanes and esters) and the presence of alpha-farnesene”
Claim · model-written summary
The presence of alpha-farnesene was related to differences between cultivars and storage periods.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- presence of alpha-farnesenee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Surface Quality of Apple”
e1“Differences between cultivars and storage periods in this analysis mostly related to differences in the number of aliphatic chains (e.g., alkanes and esters) and the presence of alpha-farnesene”
Claim · model-written summary
Raman spectroscopy and DRIFTS gave no satisfactory results for apple wax.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- satisfactory resultse1
- Qualifier
- by means of Raman spectroscopy and DRIFTSe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Surface Quality of Apple”
e1“No satisfactory results were obtained by means of Raman spectroscopy and DRIFTS”