Abstract
1. Some effects of aqueous sprays of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4.-D) on fruit-drop and morphology of oranges are reported. 2. When applied to Valencia orange trees at full bloom, these sprays delayed blossom-drop 8-10 weeks, or more, but did not increase fruit-set. Applications in May likewise delayed the June drop of immature Washington Navel orange fruits 6-8 weeks but did not increase yield. 3. Young Navel fruits sprayed at this time with concentrations of 25-225 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed seeds, or seedlike structures, in contrast to unsprayed fruits, which were seedless. Some fruit on the trees sprayed with concentrations of 225 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick rind and grew excessively large, protruding navels; other fruits became cylindrical in shape. 4. Fruit on Valencia orange trees treated in May with a concentration of 2.25 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick, pebbly rind. Other fruit on these trees became cylindrical in shape and developed small navels. 5. Applied to Valencia orange trees bearing mature fruit, the sprays decreased preharvest fruit-drop as much as 78%, even when applied 2 weeks after severe drop had begun. 6. Until additional data are available from studies now in progress, these sprays are not recommended for commercial use.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D sprays at full bloom delayed blossom-drop of Valencia orange by 8-10 weeks or more.
- Taxon
- Valencia orange
Citrus sinensise1 - Organ / stage
- full bloome1
- Treatment
- aqueous sprays of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4.-D)e0
- Outcome
- blossom-drope1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- 8-10 weekse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some effects of aqueous sprays of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4.-D) on fruit-drop and morphology of oranges are reported”
e1“When applied to Valencia orange trees at full bloom, these sprays delayed blossom-drop 8-10 weeks, or more, but did not increase fruit-set”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D sprays at full bloom did not increase fruit-set of Valencia orange.
- Taxon
- Valencia orangeCitrus sinensise1
- Treatment
- these sprayse1
- Outcome
- fruit-sete1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“When applied to Valencia orange trees at full bloom, these sprays delayed blossom-drop 8-10 weeks, or more, but did not increase fruit-set”
Claim · model-written summary
May applications of 2,4-D delayed the June drop of immature Washington Navel orange fruits by 6-8 weeks.
- Taxon
- Washington Navel orangeCitrus sinensise2
- Treatment
- Applications in Maye2
- Outcome
- June drop of immature Washington Navel orange fruitse2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Value
- 6-8 weekse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Applications in May likewise delayed the June drop of immature Washington Navel orange fruits 6-8 weeks but did not increase yield”
Claim · model-written summary
May applications of 2,4-D did not increase yield of Washington Navel orange.
- Taxon
- Washington Navel orangeCitrus sinensise2
- Treatment
- Applications in Maye2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- did not increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Applications in May likewise delayed the June drop of immature Washington Navel orange fruits 6-8 weeks but did not increase yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Young Navel fruits sprayed with 25-225 p.p.m. 2,4-D developed seeds or seedlike structures, unlike unsprayed seedless fruits.
- Taxon
- Young Navel fruitse3
- Treatment
- concentrations of 25-225 p.p.m, of 2,4-De3
- Outcome
- seeds, or seedlike structurese3
- Comparator
- unsprayed fruitse3
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e3“Young Navel fruits sprayed at this time with concentrations of 25-225 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed seeds, or seedlike structures, in contrast to unsprayed fruits, which were seedless”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit sprayed with 225 p.p.m. 2,4-D developed a thick rind and grew excessively large with protruding navels.
- Taxon
- Orangest0
- Treatment
- concentrations of 225 p.p.m, of 2,4-De4
- Outcome
- a thick rind and grew excessively large, protruding navelse4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Some Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Fruit-Drop and Morphology of Oranges”
e4“Some fruit on the trees sprayed with concentrations of 225 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick rind and grew excessively large, protruding navels; other fruits became cylindrical in shape”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit sprayed with 225 p.p.m. 2,4-D became cylindrical in shape.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Some Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Fruit-Drop and Morphology of Oranges”
e4“Some fruit on the trees sprayed with concentrations of 225 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick rind and grew excessively large, protruding navels; other fruits became cylindrical in shape”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia orange fruit treated in May with 2.25 p.p.m. 2,4-D developed a thick, pebbly rind.
- Taxon
- Valencia orangeCitrus sinensise5
- Treatment
- a concentration of 2.25 p.p.m, of 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- a thick, pebbly rinde5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fruit on Valencia orange trees treated in May with a concentration of 2.25 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick, pebbly rind”
Claim · model-written summary
Valencia orange fruit treated in May with 2.25 p.p.m. 2,4-D became cylindrical and developed small navels.
- Taxon
- Valencia orangeCitrus sinensise5
- Treatment
- a concentration of 2.25 p.p.m, of 2,4-De5
- Outcome
- cylindrical in shape and developed small navelse6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Fruit on Valencia orange trees treated in May with a concentration of 2.25 p.p.m, of 2,4-D developed a thick, pebbly rind”
e6“Other fruit on these trees became cylindrical in shape and developed small navels”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprays applied to mature Valencia orange trees decreased preharvest fruit-drop by as much as 78%.
- Taxon
- Valencia orangeCitrus sinensise7
- Treatment
- the sprayse7
- Outcome
- preharvest fruit-drope7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 78%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Applied to Valencia orange trees bearing mature fruit, the sprays decreased preharvest fruit-drop as much as 78%, even when applied 2 weeks after severe drop had begun”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2,4-D sprays are not recommended for commercial use on oranges until more data are available.
Verbatim
t0“Some Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Fruit-Drop and Morphology of Oranges”
e7“these sprays are not recommended for commercial use”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- negative
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- positive
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See all 77 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.