Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum time of low-biuret urea (LBU) applied as a foliar spray to improve marketable yield and fruit quality of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.) cv Blood Red. Two percent solution of LBU was sprayed on 15 years old plants to the point of run off, on 15 th of October, November and December in 2004. Simple water spray was used as control. Plants selected for the experiment were grafted on rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) rootstock and were grown at University of Agriculture Faisalabad (Latitude 31° 25' North; Longitude: 73° 09'), Pakistan. Experiment was laid out in RCBD, using single plant as a treatment unit with three replicates. Foliar spray of 2% LBU on 15 th November, 2004 significantly increased total yield (102%) as well as grade-I fruit yield (75%) compared with control. Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control. Significant decrease in fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of aborted seeds/fruit was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the highest values in control, followed by the treatments applied on 15 th of December, October and November, 2004 respectively. Highest value of 108.3g for fruit weight and 56.9mm diameter were found in plants treated on 15 th November, 2004. No effect was observed in juice contents, peel weight or acidity with LBU treatments. Overall, foliar spray of 2% LBU applied on 15 th November, 2004, produced better results for improving marketable yield and fruit quality of Blood Red sweet orange.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
November LBU spray increased total yield by 102% versus control.
- Taxon
- Sweet Orange
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- Foliar spray of 2% LBU on 15 th November, 2004e0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 102%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 2% LBU on 15 th November, 2004 significantly increased total yield (102%) as well as grade-I fruit yield (75%) compared with control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November LBU spray increased grade-I fruit yield by 75% versus control.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 2% LBU on 15 th November, 2004e0
- Outcome
- grade-I fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spray of 2% LBU on 15 th November, 2004 significantly increased total yield (102%) as well as grade-I fruit yield (75%) compared with control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased pulp colour score by 40%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- pulp colour scoree0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased TSS by 33%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 33%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased vitamin C by 10%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased TSS/TA by 19%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- TSS/TAe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased sugars by 44%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- sugarse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treatment increased taste score by 37%.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- November treated samplese0
- Outcome
- taste scoree0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality including pulp colour score (40%), TSS (33%), vitamin C (10%), TSS/TA (19%), sugars (44%) and taste score (37%), of November treated samples were significantly greater as compared to control.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
LBU treatments reduced fruit weight relative to control.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- all the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant decrease in fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of aborted seeds/fruit was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the highest values in control, followed by the treatments applied on 15 th of December, October and November, 2004 respectively.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
LBU treatments reduced fruit diameter relative to control.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- all the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- fruit diametere0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant decrease in fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of aborted seeds/fruit was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the highest values in control, followed by the treatments applied on 15 th of December, October and November, 2004 respectively.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
LBU treatments reduced the number of aborted seeds per fruit relative to control.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- all the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of aborted seeds/fruite0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant decrease in fruit weight, fruit diameter, and number of aborted seeds/fruit was recorded in all the treatments as compared to the highest values in control, followed by the treatments applied on 15 th of December, October and November, 2004 respectively.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treated plants had the highest treated fruit weight at 108.3g.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- 15 th November, 2004e0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 108.3ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest value of 108.3g for fruit weight and 56.9mm diameter were found in plants treated on 15 th November, 2004.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
November treated plants had the highest treated fruit diameter at 56.9mm.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- 15 th November, 2004e0
- Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 56.9mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest value of 108.3g for fruit weight and 56.9mm diameter were found in plants treated on 15 th November, 2004.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
LBU treatments did not change juice contents, peel weight or acidity.
- Taxon
- Sweet OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- LBU treatmentse0
- Outcome
- juice contents, peel weight or aciditye0
- Direction
- No effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No effect was observed in juice contents, peel weight or acidity with LBU treatments.”
t0“SWEET ORANGES”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor 2% LBU spray on 15 November for marketable yield and quality.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise0
- Outcome
- foliar spray of 2% LBU applied on 15 th November, 2004e0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, foliar spray of 2% LBU applied on 15 th November, 2004, produced better results for improving marketable yield and fruit quality of Blood Red sweet orange.”
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