Abstract
Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment. When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae, and significantly increased chlamydospore production. For noninoculated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings, total dry weight and stem height tended to decrease with increases in rates of paraquat applied. In contrast, seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment. The amount of mycorrhizal hyphae was significantly correlated to seedling height and diameter, total dry weight, and percentage foliar elemental P.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The 2 kg/ha paraquat treatment reduced mycorrhizal hyphae relative to the control and lower dose.
- Taxon
- white ash
Fraxinus americanae1 - Treatment
- applied at 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- amount of mycorrhizal hyphaee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2 kg/ha paraquat treatment reduced vesicle numbers.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- applied at 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of vesiclese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2 kg/ha paraquat treatment reduced chlamydospore numbers.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- applied at 2 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of vesicles and chlamydosporese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“Paraquat (1,1-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride) applied at 2 kg/ha significantly reduced the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae and number of vesicles and chlamydospores formed by Glomus fasciculatus (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe when compared with the control or the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment tended to increase mycorrhizal hyphae.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatust0symbiont
- Outcome
- amount of mycorrhizal hyphaee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae, and significantly increased chlamydospore production.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment increased chlamydospore production.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatust0symbiont
- Outcome
- chlamydospore productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“When compared with inoculated control, paraquat applied at 0.5 kg/ha tended to increase the amount of mycorrhizal hyphae, and significantly increased chlamydospore production.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing paraquat rates tended to lower dry weight and stem height of noninoculated white ash seedlings.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae0
- Treatment
- increases in rates of paraquat appliede0
- Outcome
- total dry weight and stem heighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- noninoculatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For noninoculated white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings, total dry weight and stem height tended to decrease with increases in rates of paraquat applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
In inoculated seedlings, height tended to be greatest at 0.5 kg/ha paraquat, then control, then 2 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatmente0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatust0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling heighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“In contrast, seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
In inoculated seedlings, foliar P concentration tended to be greatest at 0.5 kg/ha paraquat, then control, then 2 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Treatment
- 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatmente0
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatust0symbiont
- Outcome
- foliar P concentratione0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“In contrast, seedling height and foliar P concentration of inoculated seedlings tended to be greatest for the 0.5 kg/ha paraquat treatment followed by the control and the 2 kg/ha chemical treatment.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal hyphae amount correlated with seedling height, diameter, dry weight, and foliar P percentage.
- Taxon
- white ashFraxinus americanae1
- Interactor
- Glomus fasciculatust0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling height and diameter, total dry weight, and percentage foliar elemental Pe0
- Qualifier
- amount of mycorrhizal hyphaee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Paraquat influences development and efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus fasciculatus”
e0“The amount of mycorrhizal hyphae was significantly correlated to seedling height and diameter, total dry weight, and percentage foliar elemental P.”
e1“white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) seedlings”