Abstract
1. Tomato plants were grown through the fruiting stage under greenhouse conditions in soil, sand, and large-scale water cultures, with nutrient solutions of varying composition. 2. The composition of the fruit with respect to constituents derived through absorption by roots was, in contrast to the modifiable composition of foliage, on the whole little affected by the kind of nutrient medium in which the plants grew. The composition was also not found to be materially altered in water-culture experiments in which the total concentration and relative proportions of nutrients were varied. Marked reduction was found in the potassium or phosphorus content of fruit developed on plants grown in a potassium- or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution. 3. On a percentage dry-weight basis the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was markedly lower in the fruit than in the leaf, and the relative proportions of these nutrients were strikingly altered. 4. The manual removal of flowers in plants grown in a complete nutrient solution resulted in distinct alterations in growth, shown by thickening of stems and leaves, proliferation of new growing points at the leaf axils, and emergence on the stem of rootlike structures. Defloration was found to be associated with marked accumulation of starch in all tissues and of sugars and organic nitrogen in the stems and petioles. However, defloration was not found to influence materially the composition of foliage with respect to phosphorus, calcium, or magnesium. The potassium content of the petioles was higher in the fruitful plants, but no marked difference was found in the potassium content of leaf blades. 5. Defloration of plants kept in a potassium-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of potassium-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher potassium content in the young leaves of the deflowered than in the fruitful plants. The otherwise low potassium content of leaves showed an increasing upward gradient as contrasted with a downward gradient in plants grown in a complete nutrient solution. Downward calcium and magnesium gradients found in plants grown in complete nutrient were also found in leaves of potassium-deficient plants, but the latter had a higher content of these elements in the fruitful than in the deflowered plants. 6. Defloration of plants kept in a phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of phosphorus-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher phosphorus content in the young leaves of the deflowered plants. The otherwise low phosphorus content of leaves from all phosphorus-deficient plants, whether fruitful or deflowered, showed-in contrast with the control plants-increasing upward gradient. 7. Several general considerations are given on the relation of the external nutrient supply and fruiting to the distribution of nutrients within the plant.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit composition for constituents taken up by roots was little affected by the kind of nutrient medium.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plant
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- kind of nutrient mediume1
- Outcome
- composition of the fruite1
- Qualifier
- little affected by the kind of nutrient mediume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e1“The composition of the fruit with respect to constituents derived through absorption by roots was, in contrast to the modifiable composition of foliage, on the whole little affected by the kind of nutrient medium in which the plants grew”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit composition was not materially altered in water-culture experiments in which total nutrient concentration and relative proportions were varied.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- total concentration and relative proportions of nutrientse2
- Outcome
- compositione2
- Qualifier
- in water-culture experiments in which the total concentration and relative proportions of nutrients were variede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e2“The composition was also not found to be materially altered in water-culture experiments in which the total concentration and relative proportions of nutrients were varied”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium or phosphorus content of fruit was markedly reduced on plants grown in a potassium- or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite3
- Treatment
- potassium- or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solutione3
- Outcome
- potassium or phosphorus content of fruite3
- Direction
- Marked reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e3“Marked reduction was found in the potassium or phosphorus content of fruit developed on plants grown in a potassium- or phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium, calcium and magnesium concentrations were markedly lower in fruit than in leaf (percentage dry weight).
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite4
- Outcome
- concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesiume4
- Direction
- markedly lowere4
- Comparator
- leafe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e4“On a percentage dry-weight basis the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was markedly lower in the fruit than in the leaf, and the relative proportions of these nutrients were strikingly altered”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were markedly lower in fruit than in leaf (percentage dry weight).
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruite4
- Outcome
- phosphorus, and nitrogene4
- Direction
- markedly lowere4
- Comparator
- leafe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e4“On a percentage dry-weight basis the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was markedly lower in the fruit than in the leaf, and the relative proportions of these nutrients were strikingly altered”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative proportions of these nutrients were strikingly altered in fruit compared with leaf.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- relative proportions of these nutrientse4
- Qualifier
- strikingly alterede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e4“On a percentage dry-weight basis the concentration of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was markedly lower in the fruit than in the leaf, and the relative proportions of these nutrients were strikingly altered”
Claim · model-written summary
Manual removal of flowers in fully nourished plants altered growth, with thickened stems and leaves, new growing points at leaf axils and rootlike structures on stems.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- manual removal of flowerse5
- Outcome
- growthe5
- Qualifier
- thickening of stems and leavese5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e5“The manual removal of flowers in plants grown in a complete nutrient solution resulted in distinct alterations in growth, shown by thickening of stems and leaves, proliferation of new growing points at the leaf axils, and emergence on the stem of rootlike structures”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration was associated with marked starch accumulation in all tissues.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- all tissuese6
- Treatment
- Defloratione6
- Outcome
- starch in all tissuese6
- Direction
- marked accumulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e6“Defloration was found to be associated with marked accumulation of starch in all tissues and of sugars and organic nitrogen in the stems and petioles”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration was associated with marked accumulation of sugars and organic nitrogen in stems and petioles.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- stems and petiolese6
- Treatment
- Defloratione6
- Outcome
- sugars and organic nitrogene6
- Direction
- marked accumulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e6“Defloration was found to be associated with marked accumulation of starch in all tissues and of sugars and organic nitrogen in the stems and petioles”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration did not materially change foliage composition for phosphorus, calcium or magnesium.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- defloratione7
- Outcome
- composition of foliage with respect to phosphorus, calcium, or magnesiume7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e7“However, defloration was not found to influence materially the composition of foliage with respect to phosphorus, calcium, or magnesium”
Claim · model-written summary
Petiole potassium content was higher in fruitful plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- petiolese0
- Outcome
- potassium content of the petiolese0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e0“The potassium content of the petioles was higher in the fruitful plants, but no marked difference was found in the potassium content of leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
No marked difference was found in potassium content of leaf blades between fruitful and deflowered plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaf bladese0
- Outcome
- potassium content of leaf bladese0
- Qualifier
- no marked differencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e0“The potassium content of the petioles was higher in the fruitful plants, but no marked difference was found in the potassium content of leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration delayed the onset of potassium-deficiency symptoms in potassium-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Defloration of plants kept in a potassium-deficient nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- onset of potassium-deficiency symptomse1
- Direction
- delayede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e1“Defloration of plants kept in a potassium-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of potassium-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher potassium content in the young leaves of the deflowered than in the fruitful plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deflowered potassium-deficient plants had higher potassium content in young leaves than fruitful plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese1
- Treatment
- Defloration of plants kept in a potassium-deficient nutrient solutione1
- Outcome
- potassium content in the young leavese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- fruitful plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e1“Defloration of plants kept in a potassium-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of potassium-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher potassium content in the young leaves of the deflowered than in the fruitful plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium content of leaves showed an increasing upward gradient.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Outcome
- potassium content of leavese2
- Qualifier
- increasing upward gradiente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e2“The otherwise low potassium content of leaves showed an increasing upward gradient as contrasted with a downward gradient in plants grown in a complete nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Downward calcium and magnesium gradients were also found in leaves of potassium-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- potassium-deficient plantse3
- Outcome
- calcium and magnesium gradientse3
- Qualifier
- Downwarde3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e3“Downward calcium and magnesium gradients found in plants grown in complete nutrient were also found in leaves of potassium-deficient plants, but the latter had a higher content of these elements in the fruitful than in the deflowered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium-deficient plants had higher calcium and magnesium content in fruitful plants than in deflowered plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Outcome
- content of these elementse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- deflowered plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e3“Downward calcium and magnesium gradients found in plants grown in complete nutrient were also found in leaves of potassium-deficient plants, but the latter had a higher content of these elements in the fruitful than in the deflowered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration delayed the onset of phosphorus-deficiency symptoms in phosphorus-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Defloration of plants kept in a phosphorus-deficient nutrient solutione4
- Outcome
- onset of phosphorus-deficiency symptomse4
- Direction
- delayede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e4“Defloration of plants kept in a phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of phosphorus-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher phosphorus content in the young leaves of the deflowered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defloration was associated with higher phosphorus content in young leaves of deflowered phosphorus-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese4
- Treatment
- Defloratione4
- Outcome
- phosphorus content in the young leavese4
- Direction
- highere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e4“Defloration of plants kept in a phosphorus-deficient nutrient solution delayed the onset of phosphorus-deficiency symptoms and was associated with a higher phosphorus content in the young leaves of the deflowered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus content of leaves from phosphorus-deficient plants showed an increasing upward gradient, in contrast with control plants.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese5
- Outcome
- phosphorus content of leavese5
- Qualifier
- increasing upward gradiente5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Composition of the Tomato Plant”
e5“The otherwise low phosphorus content of leaves from all phosphorus-deficient plants, whether fruitful or deflowered, showed-in contrast with the control plants-increasing upward gradient”
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