Abstract
Rice is globally one of the most important food crops, and NaCl stress is a key factor reducing rice yield. Amelioration of NaCl stress was assessed by determining the growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) secreted by strains of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (TN114 and PP803) and compared to the effects of synthetic ALA (positive control) and no ALA content (negative control). The relative root growth of rice seedlings was determined under NaCl stress (50 mM NaCl), after 21 d of pretreatment. Pretreatments with 1 μM commercial ALA and 10X diluted culture supernatant of strain TN114 (2.57 μM ALA) gave significantly better growth than 10X diluted PP803 supernatant (2.11 μM ALA). Rice growth measured by dry weight under NaCl stress ordered the pretreatments as: commercial ALA > TN114 > PP803 > negative control. NaCl stress strongly decreased total chlorophyll of the plants that correlated with non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ). The salt stress also strongly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in NaCl-stressed plants. The pretreatments were ordered by reduction in H2O2 content under NaCl stress as: commercial ALA > TN114 > PP803 > negative control. The ALA pretreatments incurred remarkable increases of total chlorophyll and antioxidative activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxide (APx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD); under NaCl stress commercial ALA and TN114 had generally stronger effects than PP803. The strain TN114 has potential as a plant growth stimulating bacterium that might enhance rice growth in saline paddy fields at a lower cost than commercial ALA.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Commercial ALA and TN114 supernatant produced significantly better rice growth than PP803 supernatant.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- 1 μM commercial ALAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- 10X diluted PP803 supernatant (2.11 μM ALA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatments with 1 μM commercial ALA and 10X diluted culture supernatant of strain TN114 (2.57 μM ALA) gave significantly better growth than 10X diluted PP803 supernatant (2.11 μM ALA).”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
TN114 supernatant gave significantly better rice growth than PP803 supernatant.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- 10X diluted culture supernatant of strain TN114 (2.57 μM ALA)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- 10X diluted PP803 supernatant (2.11 μM ALA)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10X diluted culture supernatant of strain TN114 (2.57 μM ALA) gave significantly better growth than 10X diluted PP803 supernatant (2.11 μM ALA).”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under NaCl stress, rice dry weight ranked commercial ALA, TN114, PP803 and negative control.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice growth measured by dry weight under NaCl stress ordered the pretreatments as: commercial ALA > TN114 > PP803 > negative control.”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress strongly decreased rice total chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress strongly decreased total chlorophyll of the plants”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice chlorophyll under salt stress correlated with NPQ.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Comparator
- non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total chlorophyll of the plants that correlated with non-photochemical quenching of fluorescence (NPQ)”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress strongly increased hydrogen peroxide in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The salt stress also strongly increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in NaCl-stressed plants.”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatments ranked commercial ALA, TN114, PP803 and control for reduction of rice hydrogen peroxide under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- reduction in H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pretreatments were ordered by reduction in H2O2 content under NaCl stress as: commercial ALA > TN114 > PP803 > negative control.”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
ALA pretreatments increased rice total chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- ALA pretreatmentse0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll and antioxidative activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxide (APx)e0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ALA pretreatments incurred remarkable increases of total chlorophyll and antioxidative activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxide (APx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under salt stress, commercial ALA and TN114 generally had stronger physiological effects than PP803.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- commercial ALA and TN114e0
- Outcome
- stronger effectse0
- Direction
- strongere0
- Comparator
- PP803e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under NaCl stress commercial ALA and TN114 had generally stronger effects than PP803.”
e1“growth of rice seedlings treated with culture supernatants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed TN114 as a lower-cost growth-promoting bacterium for saline rice paddies.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- enhance rice growthe0
- Comparator
- commercial ALAe0
- Setting
- saline paddy fieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strain TN114 has potential as a plant growth stimulating bacterium that might enhance rice growth in saline paddy fields at a lower cost than commercial ALA.”
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