Abstract
The aim of a 3-year study was to compare the effect of substrate type (peat, sawdust and cocoa husk) on the yield, fruit quality, general and phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Patriot. The largest berries and the highest yield were obtained from bushes grown in sawdust (3.661 kg ha-1). Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg-1), P (1.17 g kg-1), K (6.51 g kg-1), and Zn (8.78 mg kg-1), as well as P (1.26 g kg-1) and K (6.99 g kg-1) in the leaves. Both the leaves and fruits of plants grown in sawdust had higher Cu concentrations (3.89 and 3.01 mg kg-1). Berries from sawdust-grown bushes had the highest soluble solids (13.1%) and total sugar (10.80 g 100 g-1) content. The fruits obtained from peat-grown bushes exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacity (38.6 ìmol Trolox g-1). However, the highest levels of phenolics were noted in berries produced in the cocoa husk (208.29 mg 100 g-1) and peat-bed system (174.07 mg 100 g-1). Regardless of the type of substrate used, the following phenols were identified (in descending order): anthocyanins>chlorogenic acid>flavonols. Delphinidin-glycosides were the most abundant pigments, and cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin-glycosides were also detected. Total flavonol content (quercetin derivatives and kaempferol 3-rutinoside) was not significantly affected by the type of substrate.;
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown bushes had the largest berries.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosumt0 - Treatment
- sawduste0
- Outcome
- largest berriese0
- Direction
- largeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest berries and the highest yield were obtained from bushes grown in sawdust (3.661 kg ha-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown bushes had the highest yield of 3.661 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- sawduste0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.661 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest berries and the highest yield were obtained from bushes grown in sawdust (3.661 kg ha-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk grown berries had the highest N content of 14.25 g kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- Berriese0
- Treatment
- cocoa huske0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.25 g kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg-1), P (1.17 g kg-1), K (6.51 g kg-1), and Zn (8.78 mg kg-1)”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk grown berries had the highest P content of 1.17 g kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- Berriese0
- Treatment
- cocoa huske0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1.17 g kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg-1), P (1.17 g kg-1), K (6.51 g kg-1), and Zn (8.78 mg kg-1)”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk grown berries had the highest K content of 6.51 g kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- Berriese0
- Treatment
- cocoa huske0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.51 g kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg-1), P (1.17 g kg-1), K (6.51 g kg-1), and Zn (8.78 mg kg-1)”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk grown berries had the highest Zn content of 8.78 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- Berriese0
- Treatment
- cocoa huske0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.78 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from bushes grown in cocoa husk had the highest content of N (14.25 g kg-1), P (1.17 g kg-1), K (6.51 g kg-1), and Zn (8.78 mg kg-1)”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk leaves had P content of 1.26 g kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Value
- 1.26 g kg-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P (1.26 g kg-1) and K (6.99 g kg-1) in the leaves”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk leaves had K content of 6.99 g kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Value
- 6.99 g kg-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P (1.26 g kg-1) and K (6.99 g kg-1) in the leaves”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown leaves had higher Cu concentration of 3.89 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- sawduste0
- Outcome
- Cu concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.89e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the leaves and fruits of plants grown in sawdust had higher Cu concentrations (3.89 and 3.01 mg kg-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown fruits had higher Cu concentration of 3.01 mg kg-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse0
- Treatment
- sawduste0
- Outcome
- Cu concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.01 mg kg-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the leaves and fruits of plants grown in sawdust had higher Cu concentrations (3.89 and 3.01 mg kg-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown berries had the highest soluble solids of 13.1%.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- sawdust-growne0
- Outcome
- soluble solidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from sawdust-grown bushes had the highest soluble solids (13.1%) and total sugar (10.80 g 100 g-1) content.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Sawdust-grown berries had the highest total sugar of 10.80 g 100 g-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- sawdust-growne0
- Outcome
- total sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 10.80 g 100 g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Berries from sawdust-grown bushes had the highest soluble solids (13.1%) and total sugar (10.80 g 100 g-1) content.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat-grown fruit had enhanced antioxidant capacity of 38.6 ìmol Trolox g-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- peat-growne0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 38.6 ìmol Trolox g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruits obtained from peat-grown bushes exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacity (38.6 ìmol Trolox g-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa husk berries had the highest phenolics at 208.29 mg 100 g-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- cocoa huske0
- Outcome
- phenolicse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 208.29 mg 100 g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest levels of phenolics were noted in berries produced in the cocoa husk (208.29 mg 100 g-1) and peat-bed system (174.07 mg 100 g-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Peat-bed berries had high phenolics at 174.07 mg 100 g-1.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- peat-bed systeme0
- Outcome
- phenolicse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 174.07 mg 100 g-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest levels of phenolics were noted in berries produced in the cocoa husk (208.29 mg 100 g-1) and peat-bed system (174.07 mg 100 g-1).”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanins ranked above chlorogenic acid, which ranked above flavonols in berries regardless of substrate.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- anthocyanins>chlorogenic acid>flavonolse0
- Qualifier
- Regardless of the type of substrate usede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of the type of substrate used, the following phenols were identified (in descending order): anthocyanins>chlorogenic acid>flavonols.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Delphinidin-glycosides were the most abundant pigments.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- Delphinidin-glycosidese0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delphinidin-glycosides were the most abundant pigments”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyanidin, peonidin and petunidin glycosides were detected.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- cyanidin, peonidin, petunidine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin-glycosides were also detected.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Malvidin glycosides were detected.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Outcome
- malvidin-glycosidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, and malvidin-glycosides were also detected.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrate type did not significantly affect total flavonols.
- Taxon
- highbush blueberryVaccinium corymbosumt0
- Treatment
- type of substratee0
- Outcome
- Total flavonol contente0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total flavonol content (quercetin derivatives and kaempferol 3-rutinoside) was not significantly affected by the type of substrate.”
t0“highbush blueberry”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · yield · Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.