Abstract
Broadleaf weed control with trifluralin, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, clopyralid, pyridate, and metolachlor in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.) grown for seed was evaluated. No single herbicide controlled broadleaf weeds adequately, with the exception of pendimethalin at 1.92 and 3.84 kg a.i./ha. However, combinations of trifluralin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds and did not reduce seed yields. Herbicides caused slight to moderate injury symptoms to cabbage plants, with the greatest injury caused by pendimethalin and the least by trifluralin and metolachlor. However, plants recovered from these symptoms and appeared normal at the bud stage. None of the herbicides applied alone or in combinations adversely affected cabbage population, height, or flowering date. Chemical names used: 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (clopyralid); 2-chloro- N -(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)- N -(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (metolachlor); 2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (oxyfluorfen); N- (1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); O -(6-chloro-3-phenyl-4-pyridazin-yl) S -octylcarbonothioate (pyridate); 2,6-dinitro- N , N -dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine (trifluralin).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin at both tested rates adequately controlled broadleaf weeds.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae1 - Treatment
- pendimethalin at 1.92 and 3.84 kg a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- broadleaf weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled broadleaf weeds adequatelye0
- Direction
- adequatelye0
- Comparator
- No single herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No single herbicide controlled broadleaf weeds adequately, with the exception of pendimethalin at 1.92 and 3.84 kg a.i./ha”
e1“in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin plus oxyfluorfen effectively controlled weeds without reducing seed yield.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- trifluralin + oxyfluorfene0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combinations of trifluralin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds and did not reduce seed yields”
e1“in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin plus clopyralid effectively controlled weeds.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + clopyralide0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds”
e1“in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyfluorfen plus pyridate effectively controlled weeds.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen + pyridatee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- controlled weedse0
- Direction
- effectivelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds”
e1“in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide combinations did not reduce cabbage seed yields.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Treatment
- combinations of trifluralin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridatee0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combinations of trifluralin + oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin + clopyralid, and oxyfluorfen + pyridate effectively controlled weeds and did not reduce seed yields”
e1“in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides caused slight to moderate cabbage injury, greatest with pendimethalin and least with trifluralin and metolachlor.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Outcome
- injury symptomse0
- Direction
- greatest injurye0
- Qualifier
- least by trifluralin and metolachlore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicides caused slight to moderate injury symptoms to cabbage plants, with the greatest injury caused by pendimethalin and the least by trifluralin and metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage plants recovered from herbicide injury and looked normal at bud stage.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Organ / stage
- bud stagee0
- Outcome
- recovered from these symptoms and appeared normale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants recovered from these symptoms and appeared normal at the bud stage”
e1“injury symptoms to cabbage plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides did not adversely affect cabbage population, height or flowering date.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- herbicides applied alone or in combinationse0
- Outcome
- cabbage population, height, or flowering datee0
- Direction
- Nonee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the herbicides applied alone or in combinations adversely affected cabbage population, height, or flowering date”
The same questions in other papers
Oxyfluorfen · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →pendimethalin · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
trifluralin · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pendimethalin · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →Oxyfluorfen · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →clopyralid · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
clopyralid · weed · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pyridate · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.