Abstract
Plant response to the combination of two or more abiotic stresses is different than its response to the same stresses singly. The response of maize (Zea mays L.) photosynthesis, growth, and development processes were examined under sunlit plant growth chambers at three levels of each day/night temperatures (24/16°C, 30/22°C, and 36/28°C) and UV-B radiation levels (0, 5, and 10 kJ m-2 d-1) and their interaction from 4 d after emergence to 43 d. An increase in plant height, leaf area, node number, and dry mass was observed as temperature increased. However, UV-B radiation negatively affected these processes by reducing the rates of stem elongation, leaf area expansion, and biomass accumulation. UV-B radiation affected leaf photosynthesis mostly at early stage of growth and tended to be temperature-dependent. For instance, UV-B radiation caused 3-15% decrease of photosynthetic rate (P N) on the uppermost, fully expanded leaves at 24/16°C and 36/28°C, but stimulated P N about 5-18% at 30/22°C temperature. Moreover, the observed UV-B protection mechanisms, such as accumulation of phenolics and waxes, exhibited a significant interaction among the treatments where these compounds were relatively less responsive (phenolics) or more responsive (waxes) to UV-B radiation at higher temperature treatments or vice versa. Plants exposed to UV-B radiation produced more leaf waxes except at 24/16°C treatment. The detrimental effect of UV-B radiation was greater on plant growth compared to the photosynthetic processes. Results suggest that maize growth and development, especially stem elongation, is highly sensitive to current and projected UV-B radiation levels, and temperature plays an important role in the magnitude and direction of the UV-B mediated responses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing temperature increased maize height, leaf area, node number and dry mass.
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, node number, and dry masse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in plant height, leaf area, node number, and dry mass was observed as temperature increased.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B radiation reduced maize stem elongation, leaf area expansion and biomass accumulation.
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- rates of stem elongation, leaf area expansion, and biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B radiation negatively affected these processes by reducing the rates of stem elongation, leaf area expansion, and biomass accumulation.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B reduced leaf photosynthetic rate by 3-15% at 24/16°C and 36/28°C.
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 3-15%e0
- Qualifier
- 24/16°C and 36/28°Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B radiation caused 3-15% decrease of photosynthetic rate (P N) on the uppermost, fully expanded leaves at 24/16°C and 36/28°C”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B stimulated leaf photosynthetic rate by about 5-18% at 30/22°C.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B radiation caused 3-15% decrease of photosynthetic rate (P N) on the uppermost, fully expanded leaves at 24/16°C and 36/28°C, but stimulated P N about 5-18% at 30/22°C temperature”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic accumulation was less responsive to UV-B at higher temperatures.
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- phenolicse0
- Direction
- less responsivee0
- Qualifier
- higher temperature treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these compounds were relatively less responsive (phenolics) or more responsive (waxes) to UV-B radiation at higher temperature treatments”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Wax accumulation was more responsive to UV-B at higher temperatures.
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- waxese0
- Direction
- more responsivee0
- Qualifier
- higher temperature treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these compounds were relatively less responsive (phenolics) or more responsive (waxes) to UV-B radiation at higher temperature treatments”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B-exposed plants produced more leaf waxes except at 24/16°C.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants exposed to UV-B radiation produced more leaf waxes except at 24/16°C treatment.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B harmed maize growth more than photosynthesis.
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- photosynthetic processese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The detrimental effect of UV-B radiation was greater on plant growth compared to the photosynthetic processes.”
t0“Maize”
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See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.