Abstract
Changes in key nodule proteins following defoliation of white clover plants were assessed by measurements of enzyme activities and by use of antibodies to specific nodule proteins. Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels and in the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and malate dehydrogenase. In continuously defoliated plants the activities of these nodule enzymes continued to decline throughout the course of the 17 d experiment. In plants defoliated once and then allowed to regrow new leaves, nodule enzyme activities declined for 7 to 10 d before increasing again to control levels by the end of the experiment. In this single defoliation/recovery treatment only the activities of PEP carboxylase and glutamine synthetase declined to a greater extent than the general decline in protein content. Alcohol dehydrogenase, increased in specific activity following a single defoliation and only declined in nodules of continuously defoliated plants. Amino peptidase activity declined in concert with other enzyme activities described above. Endopeptidase activity, in contrast, increased significantly after 4 d following either a single or continuous defoliation. In the plants allowed to regrow new leaves endopeptidase activity declined to control levels again, whereas in plants continuously defoliated the activity rose 5-fold. However, endopeptidase increased only after significant declines in protein and other enzyme activities had already occurred. Western immunoblotting confirmed that the declines in glutamine synthetase activity and leghaemoglobin levels were due to the disappearance of antigen. Declines in nitrogenase components I and II indicated that bacteroid proteins were affected by defoliation over the same time-scale as host plant encoded proteins. As new leaves grew and nodule N2 fixation was reestablished, these specific nodule proteins were again detectable by immunoblotting.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation caused major declines in nodule protein and leghaemoglobin levels.
- Taxon
- white clover plants
Trifolium repenst0 - Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- protein and leghaemoglobin levelse0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced the activities of seven listed nodule enzymes.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylasee0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels and in the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and malate dehydrogenase”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced activities of aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylasee0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels and in the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and malate dehydrogenase”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced malate dehydrogenase activity.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- malate dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- declinese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels and in the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and malate dehydrogenase”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Continuous defoliation caused nodule enzyme activities to decline throughout 17 days.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- continuously defoliatede0
- Outcome
- activities of these nodule enzymese0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Qualifier
- 17 d experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In continuously defoliated plants the activities of these nodule enzymes continued to decline throughout the course of the 17 d experiment”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After one defoliation, nodule enzyme activities fell for 7 to 10 days and recovered to control levels with leaf regrowth.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- defoliated once and then allowed to regrow new leavese0
- Outcome
- nodule enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasing againe0
- Qualifier
- declined for 7 to 10 de0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In plants defoliated once and then allowed to regrow new leaves, nodule enzyme activities declined for 7 to 10 d before increasing again to control levels by the end of the experiment”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After one defoliation, PEP carboxylase and glutamine synthetase fell more than total protein.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- single defoliation/recovery treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of PEP carboxylase and glutamine synthetasee0
- Direction
- declined to a greater extente0
- Comparator
- general decline in protein contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this single defoliation/recovery treatment only the activities of PEP carboxylase and glutamine synthetase declined to a greater extent than the general decline in protein content”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcohol dehydrogenase specific activity increased after one defoliation.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- single defoliatione0
- Outcome
- Alcohol dehydrogenase, increased in specific activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alcohol dehydrogenase, increased in specific activity following a single defoliation”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Alcohol dehydrogenase declined only under continuous defoliation.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- continuously defoliated plantse0
- Outcome
- Alcohol dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alcohol dehydrogenase, increased in specific activity following a single defoliation and only declined in nodules of continuously defoliated plants”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino peptidase activity declined with other nodule enzymes.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- Defoliatione0
- Outcome
- Amino peptidase activitye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Defoliation caused major declines in protein and leghaemoglobin levels and in the activities of invertase, sucrose synthase, UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase, aspartate amino transferase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and malate dehydrogenase. In continuously defoliated plants the activities of these nodule enzymes continued to decline throughout the course of the 17 d experiment. In plants defoliated once and then allowed to regrow new leaves, nodule enzyme activities declined for 7 to 10 d before increasing again to control levels by the end of the experiment. In this single defoliation/recovery treatment only the activities of PEP carboxylase and glutamine synthetase declined to a greater extent than the general decline in protein content. Alcohol dehydrogenase, increased in specific activity following a single defoliation and only declined in nodules of continuously defoliated plants. Amino peptidase activity declined in concert with other enzyme activities described above”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Endopeptidase activity rose significantly four days after either defoliation regimen.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- either a single or continuous defoliatione0
- Outcome
- Endopeptidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 4 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endopeptidase activity, in contrast, increased significantly after 4 d following either a single or continuous defoliation”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Endopeptidase activity returned to control levels with new leaf regrowth.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- allowed to regrow new leavese0
- Outcome
- endopeptidase activitye0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plants allowed to regrow new leaves endopeptidase activity declined to control levels again”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
With continuous defoliation, endopeptidase activity rose fivefold.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- continuously defoliatede0
- Outcome
- endopeptidase activitye0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Value
- 5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plants allowed to regrow new leaves endopeptidase activity declined to control levels again, whereas in plants continuously defoliated the activity rose 5-fold”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Immunoblotting showed disappearance of glutamine synthetase and leghaemoglobin antigens.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Gene
- glutamine synthetasee0
- Outcome
- disappearance of antigene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Western immunoblotting confirmed that the declines in glutamine synthetase activity and leghaemoglobin levels were due to the disappearance of antigen”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogenase components I and II declined on the same time scale as host proteins after defoliation.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase components I and IIe0
- Direction
- Declinese0
- Comparator
- host plant encoded proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Declines in nitrogenase components I and II indicated that bacteroid proteins were affected by defoliation over the same time-scale as host plant encoded proteins”
t0“white clover plants”
Claim · model-written summary
As leaves regrew and nodule nitrogen fixation resumed, the specific nodule proteins became detectable again.
- Taxon
- white clover plantsTrifolium repenst0
- Outcome
- nodule N2 fixation was reestablished, these specific nodule proteins were again detectablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As new leaves grew and nodule N2 fixation was reestablished, these specific nodule proteins were again detectable by immunoblotting”
t0“white clover plants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.