Abstract
Upon the transition of dark-adapted plants to low light, the energy-dependent quenching (qE) of excitation energy is only transiently induced due to the only transient generation of the transthylakoid pH gradient. We investigated the transient qE (qE(TR)) in different Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants. In dark-adapted plants, qE(TR) was absent in the npq4 mutant (deficient in the PsbS protein) and the pgr1 mutant (restricted in lumen acidification). In comparison with wild-type plants, qE(TR) was reduced in the zeaxanthin (Zx)-deficient npq1 mutant and increased in the Zx-accumulating npq2 mutant. After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants. The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants. Even in presence of high levels of Zx, qE(TR) in pgr1 mutants was still lower than that in wild-type plants. In the presence of the uncoupler nigericin, qE(TR) was completely abolished in all genotypes. Thus, the transient qE(TR) shows essentially the same characteristics as the steady-state qE; it is strictly dependent on the PsbS protein and a low lumen pH, but the extent of qE(TR) is largely modulated by Zx. These results indicate that qE(TR) does not represent a different quenching mechanism in comparison with the steady-state qE, but simply reflects the response of qE to the dynamics of the lumen pH during light activation of photosynthesis.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Transient qE was absent in dark-adapted npq4 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Material
- npq4 mutante0
- Treatment
- dark-adaptede0
- Gene
- PsbS proteine0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- absente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dark-adapted plants, qE(TR) was absent in the npq4 mutant (deficient in the PsbS protein)”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient qE was absent in dark-adapted pgr1 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- pgr1 mutante0
- Treatment
- dark-adaptede1
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e1
- Direction
- absente1
- Qualifier
- restricted in lumen acidificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the pgr1 mutant (restricted in lumen acidification)”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“In dark-adapted plants, qE(TR) was absent in the npq4 mutant (deficient in the PsbS protein) and the pgr1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient qE was reduced in zeaxanthin-deficient npq1 versus wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npq1 mutante0
- Compound
- zeaxanthine0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with wild-type plants, qE(TR) was reduced in the zeaxanthin (Zx)-deficient npq1 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient qE increased in zeaxanthin-accumulating npq2 versus wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npq2 mutante0
- Compound
- Zxe0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison with wild-type plants, qE(TR) was reduced in the zeaxanthin (Zx)-deficient npq1 mutant and increased in the Zx-accumulating npq2 mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination accelerated formation and relaxation of transient qE in all plants except npq4.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione0
- Compound
- Zxe0
- Outcome
- formation and relaxation of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Qualifier
- except for npq4e0
- Comparator
- respective dark-adapted plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination left transient qE extent unchanged in npq1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npq1e0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione1
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Comparator
- dark-adapted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination left transient qE extent unchanged in npq4.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npq4e0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione1
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- unchangede0
- Comparator
- dark-adapted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination decreased transient qE extent in npq2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npq2e0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione1
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- dark-adapted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination increased transient qE extent in wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione1
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dark-adapted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Preillumination increased transient qE extent in pgr1 plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- pgr1e0
- Treatment
- preilluminatione1
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dark-adapted plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extent of qE(TR), however, was unchanged in npq1 and npq4, decreased in npq2, but increased in wild-type and pgr1 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“After preillumination of plants (to allow the synthesis of large amounts of Zx), the formation and relaxation of qE(TR) was accelerated in all plants (except for npq4) in comparison with the respective dark-adapted plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient qE remained lower in pgr1 than wild type despite high zeaxanthin.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- pgr1 mutantse0
- Compound
- Zxe0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even in presence of high levels of Zx, qE(TR) in pgr1 mutants was still lower than that in wild-type plants”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nigericin completely abolished transient qE in all genotypes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- nigericine0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Direction
- completely abolishede0
- Qualifier
- all genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the presence of the uncoupler nigericin, qE(TR) was completely abolished in all genotypes”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that transient qE depends strictly on PsbS and low lumen pH.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- PsbS proteine0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e1
- Qualifier
- low lumen pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is strictly dependent on the PsbS protein and a low lumen pH”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
e1“Thus, the transient qE(TR) shows essentially the same characteristics as the steady-state qE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that zeaxanthin largely modulates transient qE extent.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- Zxe0
- Outcome
- extent of qE(TR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extent of qE(TR) is largely modulated by Zx”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that transient qE reflects lumen-pH dynamics during light activation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)Arabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- qE(TR)e0
- Qualifier
- dynamics of the lumen pH during light activation of photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“qE(TR) does not represent a different quenching mechanism in comparison with the steady-state qE, but simply reflects the response of qE to the dynamics of the lumen pH during light activation of photosynthesis”
t0“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana)”
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