Abstract
To gain some insight into the mechanisms by which plant cells die as a result of abiotic stress, we exposed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells to heat shock and investigated cell survival as a function of time after heat shock induction. Heat treatment at 55 degrees C triggered processes leading to programmed cell death (PCD) that was complete after 72 h. In the early phase, cells undergoing PCD showed an immediate burst in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2*-) anion production. Consistently, death was prevented by the antioxidants ascorbate (ASC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Actinomycin D and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respectively, also prevented cell death, but with a lower efficiency. Induction of PCD resulted in gradual oxidation of endogenous ASC; this was accompanied by a decrease in both the amount and the specific activity of the cytosolic ASC peroxidase (cAPX). A reduction in cAPX gene expression was also found in the late PCD phase. Moreover, changes of cAPX kinetic properties were found in PCD cells. Production of ROS in PCD cells was accompanied by early inhibition of glucose (Glc) oxidation, with a strong impairment of mitochondrial function as shown by an increase in cellular NAD(P)H fluorescence, and by failure of mitochondria isolated from cells undergoing PCD to generate membrane potential and to oxidize succinate in a manner controlled by ADP. Thus, we propose that in the early phase of tobacco Bright-Yellow 2 cell PCD, ROS production occurs, perhaps because of damage of the cell antioxidant system, with impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Heat treatment at 55 degrees C triggered programmed cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells, complete after 72 h
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Heat treatment at 55 degrees Ce1
- Outcome
- programmed cell deathe1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“Heat treatment at 55 degrees C triggered processes leading to programmed cell death (PCD) that was complete after 72 h”
Claim · model-written summary
Cells undergoing PCD showed an immediate burst of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion production in the early phase
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- burst in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2*-) anion productione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“In the early phase, cells undergoing PCD showed an immediate burst in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2*-) anion production”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell death was prevented by the antioxidant ascorbate (ASC)
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- ascorbate (ASC)e1
- Outcome
- deathe1
- Direction
- preventede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“death was prevented by the antioxidants ascorbate (ASC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell death was prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD)
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e1
- Outcome
- deathe1
- Direction
- preventede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“death was prevented by the antioxidants ascorbate (ASC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinomycin D prevented cell death with a lower efficiency
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Actinomycin De1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
- Direction
- preventede1
- Qualifier
- with a lower efficiencye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“Actinomycin D and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respectively, also prevented cell death, but with a lower efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide prevented cell death with a lower efficiency
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- cycloheximidee1
- Outcome
- cell deathe1
- Direction
- preventede1
- Qualifier
- with a lower efficiencye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“Actinomycin D and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, respectively, also prevented cell death, but with a lower efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Induction of PCD resulted in gradual oxidation of endogenous ascorbate
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Induction of PCDe1
- Outcome
- gradual oxidation of endogenous ASCe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“Induction of PCD resulted in gradual oxidation of endogenous ASC”
Claim · model-written summary
PCD was accompanied by a decrease in the amount and specific activity of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Gene
- cytosolic ASC peroxidase (cAPX)e1
- Outcome
- amount and the specific activity of the cytosolic ASC peroxidase (cAPX)e1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“this was accompanied by a decrease in both the amount and the specific activity of the cytosolic ASC peroxidase (cAPX)”
Claim · model-written summary
A reduction in cAPX gene expression was found in the late PCD phase
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- cAPX gene expressione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- late PCD phasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“A reduction in cAPX gene expression was also found in the late PCD phase”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in cAPX kinetic properties were found in PCD cells
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- cAPX kinetic propertiese1
- Qualifier
- PCD cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“changes of cAPX kinetic properties were found in PCD cells”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS production in PCD cells was accompanied by early inhibition of glucose oxidation
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Compound
- ROSe1
- Outcome
- glucose (Glc) oxidatione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“Production of ROS in PCD cells was accompanied by early inhibition of glucose (Glc) oxidation”
Claim · model-written summary
PCD cells showed a strong impairment of mitochondrial function, shown by an increase in cellular NAD(P)H fluorescence
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- cellular NAD(P)H fluorescencee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- strong impairment of mitochondrial functione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“a strong impairment of mitochondrial function as shown by an increase in cellular NAD(P)H fluorescence”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitochondria isolated from PCD cells failed to generate membrane potential and to oxidize succinate
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- generate membrane potential and to oxidize succinatee1
- Direction
- failuree1
- Qualifier
- mitochondria isolated from cells undergoing PCDe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“failure of mitochondria isolated from cells undergoing PCD to generate membrane potential and to oxidize succinate in a manner controlled by ADP”
Claim · model-written summary
ROS production in early PCD may occur because of damage to the cell antioxidant system, with impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
- Taxon
- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)Nicotiana tabacume0
- Compound
- ROSe1
- Outcome
- ROS productione1
- Qualifier
- damage of the cell antioxidant systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright-Yellow 2 cells”
e1“ROS production occurs, perhaps because of damage of the cell antioxidant system, with impairment of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation”