Abstract
Stem cuttings were collected in Cameroon from cassava plants displaying cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms. The nature of the viruses present was determined by using the PCR with primers specific for the coat protein (CP) genes of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV). All samples were infected by ACMV and eight of the 50 samples were infected by both ACMV and an EACMV-like virus. The complete nucleotide sequences of DNA-A and -B of representative ACMV and EACMV-like viruses were determined. The DNA-A component of the EACMV-like virus contained evidence of recombination in the AC2-AC3 region and DNA-B also contained evidence of recombination in BC1. However, both components retained gene arrangements typical of bipartite begomoviruses. When Nicotiana benthamiana plants were doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMV (ACMV/CM, EACMV/CM) by using sap from cassava plants or infectious clones, the symptoms were more severe than for plants inoculated with either virus alone. Southern blot analysis of viral DNAs from infected plants showed that there were significantly higher levels of accumulation of both ACMV/CM components and, to a lesser extent, of EACMV/CM components in mixed-infected plants than in singly infected plants. These results strongly suggest the occurrence of a synergistic interaction between the two viruses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
All sampled cassava plants carried ACMV.
- Taxon
- cassava
Manihot esculentat0 - Interactor
- ACMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected by ACMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All samples were infected by ACMV”
t0“infecting cassava in Cameroon”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight of 50 cassava samples carried ACMV and an EACMV-like virus.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- ACMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- EACMV-like viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- infected by both ACMV and an EACMV-like viruse0
- Value
- eight of the 50 samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“eight of the 50 samples were infected by both ACMV and an EACMV-like virus”
t0“infecting cassava in Cameroon”
Claim · model-written summary
The EACMV-like virus DNA-A had recombination evidence in AC2-AC3.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Interactor
- EACMV-like viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- evidence of recombination in the AC2-AC3 regione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The DNA-A component of the EACMV-like virus contained evidence of recombination in the AC2-AC3 region”
t0“infecting cassava in Cameroon”
Claim · model-written summary
The EACMV-like virus DNA-B had recombination evidence in BC1.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- evidence of recombination in BC1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DNA-B also contained evidence of recombination in BC1”
t0“infecting cassava in Cameroon”
e1“eight of the 50 samples were infected by both ACMV and an EACMV-like virus”
Claim · model-written summary
Both viral components retained typical bipartite begomovirus gene arrangements.
- Taxon
- cassavaManihot esculentat0
- Outcome
- gene arrangements typical of bipartite begomovirusese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both components retained gene arrangements typical of bipartite begomoviruses”
t0“infecting cassava in Cameroon”
Claim · model-written summary
Double inoculation caused more severe symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana than either virus alone.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMVe0
- Interactor
- ACMVe0pathogen
- Second interactor
- EACMVEast African cassava mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- plants inoculated with either virus alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Nicotiana benthamiana plants were doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMV (ACMV/CM, EACMV/CM) by using sap from cassava plants or infectious clones, the symptoms were more severe than for plants inoculated with either virus alone”
Claim · model-written summary
ACMV/CM components accumulated at significantly higher levels in mixed infection than single infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- mixed-infected plantse0
- Interactor
- ACMV/CMe0pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of both ACMV/CM componentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- singly infected plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significantly higher levels of accumulation of both ACMV/CM components and, to a lesser extent, of EACMV/CM components in mixed-infected plants than in singly infected plants”
e1“When Nicotiana benthamiana plants were doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMV (ACMV/CM, EACMV/CM) by using sap from cassava plants or infectious clones, the symptoms were more severe than for plants inoculated with either virus alone”
Claim · model-written summary
EACMV/CM components accumulated more in mixed infection, to a lesser extent than ACMV/CM.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- mixed-infected plantse0
- Interactor
- EACMV/CMe0pathogen
- Outcome
- EACMV/CM componentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- singly infected plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significantly higher levels of accumulation of both ACMV/CM components and, to a lesser extent, of EACMV/CM components in mixed-infected plants than in singly infected plants”
e1“When Nicotiana benthamiana plants were doubly inoculated with these Cameroon isolates of ACMV and EACMV (ACMV/CM, EACMV/CM) by using sap from cassava plants or infectious clones, the symptoms were more severe than for plants inoculated with either virus alone”
The same questions in other papers
Manihot esculenta · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
inoculation · disease · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
36 papers more in this group
See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.