Abstract
Aluminum (Al) enhances ferrous ion [Fe(II)]-mediated peroxidation of lipids, which is lethal to normal tobacco cells, but not to phosphate (Pi)-starved cells ( −P cells). We found that tobacco cells accumulated phenylpropanoid compounds including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) during Pi starvation. The accumulation was inhibited by 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP), a specific inhibitor of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). CGA, CA and also an extract containing the phenylpropanoid compounds from −P cells protected normal cells ( +P cells) efficiently from both lipid peroxidation and the loss of viability caused by the combined application of Al and Fe(II), indicating that the phenylpropanoids acted as antioxidant molecules. −P cells exhibited approximately 25-fold higher specific activity of PAL than +P cells. The content of the phenylpropanoids and the activity of PAL were not affected by the combined treatment with Al and Fe(II) in either +P cells or −P cells. These results suggest that an increase in PAL activity during Pi starvation enhances the accumulation of phenylpropanoids, and that the phenylpropanoids protect tobacco cells from cytotoxic lipid peroxidation caused by the combination of Al and Fe(II)
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate starvation increased tobacco-cell phenylpropanoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Pi starvatione0
- Outcome
- phenylpropanoid compounds including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco cells accumulated phenylpropanoid compounds including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) during Pi starvation”
Claim · model-written summary
AIP inhibited phenylpropanoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP)e0
- Outcome
- accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“The accumulation was inhibited by 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid (AIP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic acid protected tobacco cells from aluminum and iron-induced lipid peroxidation and viability loss.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- CGAe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and the loss of viabilitye0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“CGA, CA and also an extract containing the phenylpropanoid compounds from −P cells protected normal cells ( +P cells) efficiently from both lipid peroxidation and the loss of viability caused by the combined application of Al and Fe(II)”
Claim · model-written summary
Caffeic acid protected tobacco cells from aluminum and iron-induced lipid peroxidation and viability loss.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- CAe0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and the loss of viabilitye0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“CGA, CA and also an extract containing the phenylpropanoid compounds from −P cells protected normal cells ( +P cells) efficiently from both lipid peroxidation and the loss of viability caused by the combined application of Al and Fe(II)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenylpropanoid extract protected tobacco cells from aluminum and iron-induced lipid peroxidation and viability loss.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- an extract containing the phenylpropanoid compounds from −P cellse0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and the loss of viabilitye0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“an extract containing the phenylpropanoid compounds from −P cells protected normal cells ( +P cells) efficiently from both lipid peroxidation and the loss of viability caused by the combined application of Al and Fe(II)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved cells had approximately 25-fold higher PAL activity.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Material
- −P cellse0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- specific activity of PALe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately 25-folde0
- Comparator
- +P cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“−P cells exhibited approximately 25-fold higher specific activity of PAL than +P cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum and iron did not alter phenylpropanoid content in either phosphate condition.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment with Al and Fe(II)e0
- Outcome
- content of the phenylpropanoidse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“The content of the phenylpropanoids and the activity of PAL were not affected by the combined treatment with Al and Fe(II) in either +P cells or −P cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum and iron did not alter PAL activity in either phosphate condition.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- combined treatment with Al and Fe(II)e0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- activity of PALe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tobacco”
e0“The content of the phenylpropanoids and the activity of PAL were not affected by the combined treatment with Al and Fe(II) in either +P cells or −P cells”
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