Abstract
Al toxicity in cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL) has been investigated in nutrient medium. In this system, Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the medium synergistically result in the accumulation of both Al and Fe, the peroxidation of lipids, and eventually death in cells at the logarithmic phase of growth (+P cells). A lipophilic antioxidant, N,N[prime]-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, protected +P cells from the peroxidation of lipids and from cell death, suggesting that a relationship exists between the two. Compared with +P cells, cells that had been starved of Pi (-P cells) were more tolerant to Al, accumulated 30 to 40% less Al and 70 to 90% less Fe, and did not show any evidence of the peroxidation of lipids during Al treatment. These results suggest that -P cells exhibit Al tolerance because their plasma membranes are protected from the peroxidation of lipids caused by the combination of Al and Fe(II). It seems likely that the exclusion of Fe from -P cells might suppress directly Fe-mediated peroxidation of lipids. Furthermore, since -P cells accumulated [beta]-carotene, it is proposed that this carotenoid pigment might function as a radical-trapping antioxidant in the plasma membrane of cells starved of Pi.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Al and Fe(II) synergistically accumulate Al and Fe in growing tobacco cells.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Material
- nonchlorophyllic cell line SLe1
- Treatment
- Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the mediume0
- Outcome
- accumulation of both Al and Fee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the medium synergistically result in the accumulation of both Al and Fe”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Al and Fe(II) synergistically cause lipid peroxidation and eventual death in logarithmic-phase tobacco cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Organ / stage
- logarithmic phase of growthe0
- Treatment
- Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the mediume0
- Outcome
- peroxidation of lipids, and eventually deathe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al and Fe(II) (ferrous ion) in the medium synergistically result in the accumulation of both Al and Fe, the peroxidation of lipids, and eventually death in cells at the logarithmic phase of growth (+P cells)”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The antioxidant protected phosphate-replete tobacco cells from lipid peroxidation and death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- N,N[prime]-diphenyl-p-phenylenediaminee0
- Outcome
- peroxidation of lipids and from cell deathe0
- Direction
- protectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A lipophilic antioxidant, N,N[prime]-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, protected +P cells from the peroxidation of lipids and from cell death”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved tobacco cells were more tolerant to Al than phosphate-replete cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- starved of Pie0
- Outcome
- tolerant to Ale0
- Direction
- more tolerante0
- Comparator
- +P cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with +P cells, cells that had been starved of Pi (-P cells) were more tolerant to Al”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved tobacco cells accumulated 30 to 40% less Al than phosphate-replete cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- starved of Pie0
- Outcome
- Ale0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 30 to 40%e0
- Comparator
- +P cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with +P cells, cells that had been starved of Pi (-P cells) were more tolerant to Al, accumulated 30 to 40% less Al and 70 to 90% less Fe”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved tobacco cells accumulated 70 to 90% less Fe than phosphate-replete cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- starved of Pie0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 70 to 90%e0
- Comparator
- +P cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with +P cells, cells that had been starved of Pi (-P cells) were more tolerant to Al, accumulated 30 to 40% less Al and 70 to 90% less Fe”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved tobacco cells showed no lipid peroxidation during Al treatment.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume2
- Treatment
- Al treatmente0
- Outcome
- did not show any evidence of the peroxidation of lipidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not show any evidence of the peroxidation of lipids during Al treatment”
e1“cells that had been starved of Pi (-P cells)”
e2“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest phosphate starvation protects plasma membranes against Al–Fe(II)-mediated lipid peroxidation and thereby confers Al tolerance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- Al tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- plasma membranes are protected from the peroxidation of lipids caused by the combination of Al and Fe(II)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“-P cells exhibit Al tolerance because their plasma membranes are protected from the peroxidation of lipids caused by the combination of Al and Fe(II)”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Fe exclusion directly suppresses Fe-mediated lipid peroxidation in phosphate-starved tobacco cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- Fe-mediated peroxidation of lipidse0
- Qualifier
- exclusion of Fe from -P cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the exclusion of Fe from -P cells might suppress directly Fe-mediated peroxidation of lipids”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate-starved tobacco cells accumulated [beta]-carotene.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Outcome
- accumulated [beta]-carotenee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“-P cells accumulated [beta]-carotene”
e1“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose [beta]-carotene acts as a radical-trapping antioxidant in phosphate-starved tobacco cell membranes.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume2
- Compound
- [beta]-carotenee1
- Outcome
- radical-trapping antioxidant in the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this carotenoid pigment might function as a radical-trapping antioxidant in the plasma membrane of cells starved of Pi”
e1“-P cells accumulated [beta]-carotene”
e2“cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun; nonchlorophyllic cell line SL)”
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