Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is hypothesized to be a natural signal that triggers the systemic induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and disease resistance in tobacco. When Xanthi-nc (NN genotype) tobacco was inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) there was an increase in endogenous SA in both inoculated and virus-free leaves. The highest levels of SA were detected in and around necrotic lesions that formed in response to TMV. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of extracts from TMV-inoculated leaves demonstrated the presence of a SA conjugate tentatively identified as O-beta-D-glucosyl-SA. The SA conjugate was detected only in leaves that contained necrotic lesions and was not detected in phloem exudates or uninoculated leaves of TMV-inoculated Xanthi-nc tobacco. When exogenous SA was fed to excised tobacco leaves, it was metabolized within 10 hr. However, this reduction in free SA did not prevent the subsequent accumulation of the PR-1 family of pathogenesis-related proteins. The absence of SA accumulation in TMV-inoculated tobacco plants incubated at 32 degrees C was not a result of the glucosylation of SA. The addition of SA to the medium elevated levels of SA in the leaves of virus-free tobacco grown hydroponically. Increasing the endogenous level of SA in leaves to those naturally observed during systemic acquired resistance resulted in increased resistance to TMV, expressed as a reduction in lesion area. These data further support the hypothesis that SA is a likely natural inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins and systemic acquired resistance in TMV-inoculated Xanthi-nc tobacco.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
TMV inoculation increased endogenous SA in inoculated and virus-free tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Material
- Xanthi-nc (NN genotype)e0
- Treatment
- inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)e0
- Interactor
- tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
Tobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- endogenous SAe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Comparator
- virus-free leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Xanthi-nc (NN genotype) tobacco was inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) there was an increase in endogenous SA in both inoculated and virus-free leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA levels were highest in and around TMV-induced necrotic lesions.
- Organ / stage
- necrotic lesionse0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of SAe0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest levels of SA were detected in and around necrotic lesions that formed in response to TMV.”
Claim · model-written summary
TMV-inoculated tobacco leaves contained a SA conjugate tentatively identified as O-beta-D-glucosyl-SA.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of a SA conjugatee0
- Qualifier
- tentatively identified as O-beta-D-glucosyl-SAe0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of extracts from TMV-inoculated leaves demonstrated the presence of a SA conjugate tentatively identified as O-beta-D-glucosyl-SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
The SA conjugate occurred only in necrotic leaves, not phloem exudates or uninoculated leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Xanthi-nce0
- Organ / stage
- leaves that contained necrotic lesionse0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- SA conjugatee0
- Comparator
- phloem exudates or uninoculated leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SA conjugate was detected only in leaves that contained necrotic lesions and was not detected in phloem exudates or uninoculated leaves of TMV-inoculated Xanthi-nc tobacco.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA was metabolized within 10 hr in excised tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- excised tobacco leavese0
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- metabolizede0
- Value
- 10 hre0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When exogenous SA was fed to excised tobacco leaves, it was metabolized within 10 hr.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction in free SA after feeding did not prevent subsequent PR-1 protein accumulation.
- Treatment
- reduction in free SAe0
- Gene
- PR-1e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of the PR-1 family of pathogenesis-related proteinse0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, this reduction in free SA did not prevent the subsequent accumulation of the PR-1 family of pathogenesis-related proteins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lack of SA accumulation at 32 degrees C was not attributable to SA glucosylation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- 32 degrees Ce0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- absence of SA accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- glucosylation of SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The absence of SA accumulation in TMV-inoculated tobacco plants incubated at 32 degrees C was not a result of the glucosylation of SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding SA to hydroponic medium elevated leaf SA in virus-free tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- addition of SA to the mediume0
- Outcome
- levels of SA in the leavese0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Setting
- hydroponicallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of SA to the medium elevated levels of SA in the leaves of virus-free tobacco grown hydroponically.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing endogenous SA to systemic-acquired-resistance levels reduced TMV lesion area.
- Treatment
- Increasing the endogenous level of SA in leavese0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the endogenous level of SA in leaves to those naturally observed during systemic acquired resistance resulted in increased resistance to TMV, expressed as a reduction in lesion area.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA was interpreted as a likely natural inducer of PR proteins and systemic acquired resistance.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Material
- Xanthi-nce0
- Interactor
- TMVTobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related proteins and systemic acquired resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data further support the hypothesis that SA is a likely natural inducer of pathogenesis-related proteins and systemic acquired resistance in TMV-inoculated Xanthi-nc tobacco.”
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