Abstract
Strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) grown in alfisols of semiarid areas in India results in suboptimal yields. Low organic carbon and low phosphorus (P) availability, in addition to high P fixation, affects P availability drastically, even when it is applied externally. The benefit to the yield of micropropagated strawberry Fragaria ×ana nassa 'Pajaro' through inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and P application was examined in a field experiment. AM response was evaluated at four doses of P (50, 100, 150, and 200 kg P·ha 1 ) in a high P-fixing capacity and P-deficient alfisol. At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content. However, the AM response as measured by yield varied with P concentration. Inoculated plants had a significantly greater fruit yield when grown at 150 kg P·ha 1 , and the yield was comparable with uninoculated plants grown at 200 kg P·ha 1 . The external P requirements were 71 kg·ha 1 for mycorrhizal and 106 kg·ha 1 for nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants to obtain 90% of the maximum fruit yield. In terms of P fertilization, this corresponds to a savings of 35 kg·ha 1 . The percent mycorrhizal root length colonization, both in inoculated and noninoculated plants, was not found to differ significantly with P application.Key words: strawberry, P fertilization, mycorrhizal dependency.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had larger fruit yields except at the highest phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yields per plante0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- except those at the highest level of applied Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had larger fruit unit mass except at the highest phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- unit masse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- except those at the highest level of applied Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had more runners except at the highest phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of runnerse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Qualifier
- except those at the highest level of applied Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had greater shoot dry matter except at the highest phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- except those at the highest level of applied Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had higher shoot phosphorus content except at the highest phosphorus level.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot P contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- except those at the highest level of applied Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all inoculated plants, except those at the highest level of applied P (200 kg·ha 1 ), had larger fruit yields per plant, unit mass, number of runners, higher shoot dry matter, and shoot P content.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield response to inoculation varied with phosphorus concentration.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- P concentratione0
- Outcome
- AM response as measured by yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the AM response as measured by yield varied with P concentration.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150 kg P per hectare, inoculated plants had significantly greater fruit yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Inoculatede0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 150 kg P·ha 1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants had a significantly greater fruit yield when grown at 150 kg P·ha 1”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants at 150 kg P per hectare yielded comparably to uninoculated plants at 200 kg P per hectare.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Inoculated plantse0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- uninoculated plants grown at 200 kg P·ha 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated plants had a significantly greater fruit yield when grown at 150 kg P·ha 1 , and the yield was comparable with uninoculated plants grown at 200 kg P·ha 1 .”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plants required 71 kg per hectare of external phosphorus for 90% of maximum fruit yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- external P requirementse0
- Value
- 71 kg·ha 1e0
- Qualifier
- 90% of the maximum fruit yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The external P requirements were 71 kg·ha 1 for mycorrhizal and 106 kg·ha 1 for nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants to obtain 90% of the maximum fruit yield.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants required 106 kg per hectare of external phosphorus for 90% of maximum fruit yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- external P requirementse0
- Value
- 106 kg·ha 1e0
- Qualifier
- 90% of the maximum fruit yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The external P requirements were 71 kg·ha 1 for mycorrhizal and 106 kg·ha 1 for nonmycorrhizal strawberry plants to obtain 90% of the maximum fruit yield.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation corresponded to a phosphorus fertilizer saving of 35 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- savingse0
- Value
- 35 kg·ha 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In terms of P fertilization, this corresponds to a savings of 35 kg·ha 1 .”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application did not significantly change mycorrhizal root colonization in inoculated or uninoculated plants.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Interactor
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungit0symbiont
- Outcome
- percent mycorrhizal root length colonizatione0
- Direction
- not found to differe0
- Comparator
- inoculated and noninoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percent mycorrhizal root length colonization, both in inoculated and noninoculated plants, was not found to differ significantly with P application.”
t0“Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus fertilization on the post vitro growth and yield of micropropagated strawberry grown in a sandy loam soil”
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