Abstract
The effect of selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants under natural field salinity conditions stress was investigated. Field experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with five PGPRs ( Bacillus subtilis EY2, Bacillus atrophaeus EY6, Bacillus spharicus GC subgroup B EY30, Staphylococcus kloosii EY37, and Kocuria erythromyxa EY43) and a control (no PGPR) in 2009 and 2010. PGPR inoculations significantly increased the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants. PGPR treatments lowered electrolyte leakage of plants under saline conditions. The leaf relative water content (LRWC) of plants rose with bacterial inoculation. All nutrient element contents of leaves and roots investigated were significantly increased with PGPR inoculations with the exception of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). The highest efficiency to alleviate salinity stress on the yield and nutrient uptake of strawberry plants was obtained from EY43 (228 g per plant) and EY37 (225 g per plant) treatment and the yield increasing ratio of plants was 48% for EY43 and 46% for EY 37 compared with the control treatment (154 g per plant). The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43 and followed by E6, E37, and E30, and increasing ratio of leaves and root N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, and Fe contents were 22% to 33%, 34% to 8.8%, 89% to 11%, 11.0% to 7.2%, 5.1% to 6.2%, 97% to 65%, 120% to 140%, 300% to 15%, and 111% to 9.0%, respectively. The results of the study suggested that PGPR inoculations could alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress conditions on the growth and yield of strawberry plants under salinity conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculations significantly increased growth and chlorophyll content of strawberry plants compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Strawberry Plants
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- PGPR inoculationse1
- Interactor
- PGPRe1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
- Comparator
- a control (no PGPR)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e1“PGPR inoculations significantly increased the growth, chlorophyll content, nutrient element content, and yield of strawberry plants”
e2“a control (no PGPR)”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR inoculations significantly increased leaf and root nutrient element contents, except sodium and chlorine.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PGPR inoculationse3
- Interactor
- PGPRe3symbiont
- Outcome
- nutrient element contents of leaves and rootse3
- Direction
- significantly increasede3
- Qualifier
- with the exception of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)e3
- Comparator
- a control (no PGPR)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e2“a control (no PGPR)”
e3“All nutrient element contents of leaves and roots investigated were significantly increased with PGPR inoculations with the exception of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY43 increased the yield of strawberry plants by 48% relative to the control treatment.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY43e4
- Interactor
- EY43e4symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 48%e4
- Comparator
- control treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e4“the yield increasing ratio of plants was 48% for EY43 and 46% for EY 37 compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY37 increased the yield of strawberry plants by 46% relative to the control treatment.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY 37e4
- Interactor
- EY 37e4symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- increasinge4
- Value
- 46%e4
- Comparator
- control treatmente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e4“the yield increasing ratio of plants was 48% for EY43 and 46% for EY 37 compared with the control treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY43 gave the highest yield efficiency among the tested strains, 228 g per plant.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY43e5
- Interactor
- EY43e5symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 228 g per plante5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e5“The highest efficiency to alleviate salinity stress on the yield and nutrient uptake of strawberry plants was obtained from EY43 (228 g per plant) and EY37 (225 g per plant) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY37 gave a yield of 225 g per plant under salinity.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY37e5
- Interactor
- EY37e5symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 225 g per plante5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e5“The highest efficiency to alleviate salinity stress on the yield and nutrient uptake of strawberry plants was obtained from EY43 (228 g per plant) and EY37 (225 g per plant) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY43 gave the highest concentrations of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in strawberry plants.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY43e6
- Interactor
- EY43e6symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P)e6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e6“The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY43 gave the highest concentrations of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in strawberry plants.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY43e6
- Interactor
- EY43e6symbiont
- Outcome
- calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S)e6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e6“The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain EY43 gave the highest concentrations of manganese, copper and iron in strawberry plants.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- EY43e6
- Interactor
- EY43e6symbiont
- Outcome
- manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe)e6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e6“The highest nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) concentrations were obtained from EY43”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR treatments lowered electrolyte leakage of strawberry plants under saline conditions compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- PGPR treatmentse7
- Interactor
- PGPRe7symbiont
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee7
- Direction
- lowerede7
- Comparator
- a control (no PGPR)e2
- Setting
- saline conditionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e2“a control (no PGPR)”
e7“PGPR treatments lowered electrolyte leakage of plants under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation increased the leaf relative water content of strawberry plants compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Strawberry PlantsFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (LRWC)e0
- Direction
- rosee0
- Comparator
- a control (no PGPR)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Strawberry Plants”
e2“a control (no PGPR)”
e0“The leaf relative water content (LRWC) of plants rose with bacterial inoculation”
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