Abstract
Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint to crop production in Sahel and Sudan Savanna of West Africa, and efforts are being made to identify cowpea genotypes with tolerance to low P and greater P use efficiency. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance P uptake in low P soil. Cowpea breeding lines (200) were examined at 3 P levels (0P, 90 kg P ha-1 as Rock Phosphate and 30 kg P ha-1 as Simple Super Phosphate (SSP) in 2002 at Minjibir, Nigeria and Toumnia, Niger. Wide apparent variation in grain and fodder yields was found among the 200 genotypes. Grain yield response to RP and SSP ranged from 1 to 160%. Based on the genotypes performance at low and high (SSP), genotypes were classified. Fifteen genotypes were selected from the different P use and response groups and further examined in the greenhouse and field studies for growth characteristics related to tolerance to low applied P. Phosphorus application significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the grain and fodder yield at both locations., shoot-root ratio but decreased AMF colonization of cowpea roots. There were large differences in the relative P used in efficiency and the values ranged from –11 to 38 kg grain (kg P)-1 applied. AMF infection was reduced by at least 50%, while shoot-to-root ratio was significantly increased with P application. Variation between genotypes was significant for certain paired means but not consistent for all parameters measured, and the locations. The cowpea genotypes differ in AMF colonization, shoot growth relative root development, and relative P use efficiency for tolerance to low P soils and response to external application. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cowpea genotypes, P-tolerance/response, relative P-use efficiency, shoot, root ratio.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The 200 genotypes varied widely in grain and fodder yield.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- 200 genotypese0
- Outcome
- grain and fodder yieldse0
- Direction
- Wide apparent variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wide apparent variation in grain and fodder yields was found among the 200 genotypes”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield response to RP and SSP ranged from 1 to 160%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- RP and SSPe0
- Outcome
- Grain yield responsee0
- Value
- 1 to 160%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield response to RP and SSP ranged from 1 to 160%”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application significantly increased grain and fodder yields at both locations.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain and fodder yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- both locationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus application significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the grain and fodder yield at both locations”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application significantly increased shoot-to-root ratio.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Outcome
- shoot-to-root ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot-to-root ratio was significantly increased with P application”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus application reduced AMF infection by at least 50%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- P applicatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF infectione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- at least 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF infection was reduced by at least 50%, while shoot-to-root ratio was significantly increased with P application”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative phosphorus use efficiency ranged from –11 to 38 kg grain per applied phosphorus.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- relative P used in efficiencye0
- Direction
- large differencese0
- Value
- –11 to 38 kg grain (kg P)-1 appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were large differences in the relative P used in efficiency and the values ranged from –11 to 38 kg grain (kg P)-1 applied”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype differences were significant for some paired means but inconsistent across parameters and locations.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- Variation between genotypese0
- Qualifier
- not consistent for all parameters measured, and the locationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variation between genotypes was significant for certain paired means but not consistent for all parameters measured, and the locations”
t0“cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea genotypes differed in AMF colonization.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonizatione0
- Direction
- differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cowpea genotypes differ in AMF colonization, shoot growth relative root development, and relative P use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea genotypes differed in shoot growth relative to root development.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- shoot growth relative root developmente0
- Direction
- differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cowpea genotypes differ in AMF colonization, shoot growth relative root development, and relative P use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea genotypes differed in relative phosphorus use efficiency.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- relative P use efficiencye0
- Direction
- differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cowpea genotypes differ in AMF colonization, shoot growth relative root development, and relative P use efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
phosphorus · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
106 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
109 papers more in this group
See all 113 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.