Abstract
The role of acid secretion in regulating short-term changes in growth rate and wall extensibility was investigated in emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. A novel approach was used to measure leaf responses to injection of water or solutions containing potential regulators of growth. Both leaf elongation and wall extensibility, as measured with a whole-plant creep extensiometer, increased dramatically within minutes of injecting water, 0.5 mM phosphate, or strong (50 mM) buffer solutions with pH </= 5.0 into the cell-elongation zone of water-stressed leaves. In contrast, injecting buffer solutions at pH >/= 5.5 inhibited these fast responses. Solutions containing 0.5 mM orthovanadate or erythrosin B to inhibit wall acidification by plasma membrane H+-ATPases were also inhibitory. Thus, cell wall extensibility and leaf growth in water-stressed plants remained inhibited, despite the increased availability of (injected) water when accompanying increases in acid-induced wall loosening were prevented. However, growth was stimulated when pH 4.5 buffers were included with the vanadate injections. These findings suggest that increasing the availability of water to expanding cells in water-stressed leaves signals rapid increases in outward proton pumping by plasma membrane H+-ATPases. Resultant increases in cell wall extensibility participate in the regulation of water uptake, cell expansion, and leaf growth.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Injecting water, 0.5 mM phosphate or pH 5.0 or lower buffers increased leaf elongation and wall extensibility dramatically within minutes.
- Organ / stage
- emerging first leavese0
- Treatment
- injecting water, 0.5 mM phosphate, or strong (50 mM) buffer solutions with pH </= 5.0e1
- Outcome
- leaf elongation and wall extensibilitye1
- Direction
- increased dramaticallye1
- Qualifier
- within minutese1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e1“Both leaf elongation and wall extensibility, as measured with a whole-plant creep extensiometer, increased dramatically within minutes of injecting water, 0.5 mM phosphate, or strong (50 mM) buffer solutions with pH </= 5.0 into the cell-elongation zone of water-stressed leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Buffer solutions at pH 5.5 or higher inhibited the fast increases in leaf elongation and wall extensibility.
- Organ / stage
- emerging first leavese0
- Treatment
- buffer solutions at pH >/= 5.5e3
- Outcome
- leaf elongation and wall extensibilitye2
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e2“Both leaf elongation and wall extensibility”
e3“In contrast, injecting buffer solutions at pH >/= 5.5 inhibited these fast responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Orthovanadate or erythrosin B solutions, which inhibit wall acidification, were also inhibitory to leaf elongation and wall extensibility.
- Organ / stage
- emerging first leavese0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM orthovanadate or erythrosin Be4
- Outcome
- leaf elongation and wall extensibilitye2
- Direction
- inhibitorye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e2“Both leaf elongation and wall extensibility”
e4“Solutions containing 0.5 mM orthovanadate or erythrosin B to inhibit wall acidification by plasma membrane H+-ATPases were also inhibitory”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall extensibility and leaf growth stayed inhibited when acid-induced wall loosening was prevented, despite more injected water.
- Organ / stage
- emerging first leavese0
- Treatment
- acid-induced wall loosening were preventede5
- Outcome
- cell wall extensibility and leaf growthe5
- Direction
- remained inhibitede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e5“Thus, cell wall extensibility and leaf growth in water-stressed plants remained inhibited, despite the increased availability of (injected) water when accompanying increases in acid-induced wall loosening were prevented”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth was stimulated when pH 4.5 buffers were included with vanadate injections.
- Organ / stage
- emerging first leavese0
- Treatment
- pH 4.5 bufferse6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- stimulatede6
- Comparator
- vanadate injectionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e6“However, growth was stimulated when pH 4.5 buffers were included with the vanadate injections”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing water availability to expanding cells signals rapid increases in outward proton pumping by plasma membrane H+-ATPases.
- Treatment
- increasing the availability of water to expanding cellse1
- Gene
- plasma membrane H+-ATPasese1
- Outcome
- outward proton pumpinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e1“These findings suggest that increasing the availability of water to expanding cells in water-stressed leaves signals rapid increases in outward proton pumping by plasma membrane H+-ATPases”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in cell wall extensibility are suggested to participate in regulating water uptake, cell expansion and leaf growth.
- Outcome
- water uptake, cell expansion, and leaf growthe1
- Qualifier
- increases in cell wall extensibilitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“emerging first leaves of intact, water-stressed maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
e1“Resultant increases in cell wall extensibility participate in the regulation of water uptake, cell expansion, and leaf growth”
The same questions in other papers
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251 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 306 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.