Abstract
Abstract. The development of seedlings of the miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora) was studied for 28 months (December 1987 ‐ April 1990) at a Zambian grassland site from which fire has been excluded for many years. Germination occurred 10–25 days after seed planting and germination rates under laboratory and field conditions did not differ significantly. Seed germinability after one year of storage declined to 38 %. Leaf production occurred between December and April with peaks in January each year. Leaf fall occurred steadily throughout the dry season but leafless seedlings were first observed in August of each year. All seedlings had shed all their leaves by the end of November during the first year while 10% of the seedlings remained leafy throughout the second year. Annual seedling mortality was about 60 % during the first year and declined to 3 6 % during the second year. Survivorship appeared to stabilise at 3 8 % when seedlings were 5 5 ‐ 5 9 weeks old. Every seedling experienced shoot die‐back during the first hot dry season (September ‐ November) when open‐pan evaporation rates averaged 5–10 mm / day. However, shoot mortality did not necessarily result in plant mortality. Because of recurrent shoot die‐back there was little increase in shoot biomass and height at the end of the second and third growing seasons. Seedlings that survived shoot die‐back sprouted from roots which showed a steady annual accumulation of biomass. Early shoot die‐back in seedlings of Julbernardia globiflora as documented in this study was not causedby fire but most probably by drought and / or nutritional stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rates of Julbernardia globiflora under laboratory and field conditions did not differ significantly.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globiflora
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Julbernardia globiflorae0 - Outcome
- germination ratese1
- Setting
- laboratory and field conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e1“germination rates under laboratory and field conditions did not differ significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Julbernardia globiflora seeds germinated 10-25 days after seed planting.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- Germinatione2
- Value
- 10–25 dayse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e2“Germination occurred 10–25 days after seed planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germinability of Julbernardia globiflora declined to 38 % after one year of storage.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Treatment
- one year of storagee3
- Outcome
- Seed germinabilitye3
- Direction
- declinede3
- Value
- 38 %e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e3“Seed germinability after one year of storage declined to 38 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual seedling mortality of Julbernardia globiflora was about 60 % during the first year.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- Annual seedling mortalitye4
- Value
- 60 %e4
- Qualifier
- during the first yeare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e4“Annual seedling mortality was about 60 % during the first year and declined to 3 6 % during the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual seedling mortality of Julbernardia globiflora declined to 36 % during the second year.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- Annual seedling mortalitye4
- Direction
- declinede4
- Value
- 3 6 %e4
- Qualifier
- during the second yeare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e4“Annual seedling mortality was about 60 % during the first year and declined to 3 6 % during the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Survivorship of Julbernardia globiflora seedlings appeared to stabilise at 38 %.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- Survivorshipe5
- Direction
- stabilisee5
- Value
- 3 8 %e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e5“Survivorship appeared to stabilise at 3 8 %”
Claim · model-written summary
Every Julbernardia globiflora seedling experienced shoot die-back during the first hot dry season.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- shoot die‐backe6
- Qualifier
- during the first hot dry seasone6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e6“Every seedling experienced shoot die‐back during the first hot dry season”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot mortality did not necessarily result in plant mortality in Julbernardia globiflora seedlings.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- plant mortalitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e7“shoot mortality did not necessarily result in plant mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass and height of Julbernardia globiflora seedlings showed little increase at the end of the second and third growing seasons.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- shoot biomass and heighte1
- Direction
- little increasee1
- Qualifier
- at the end of the second and third growing seasonse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e1“there was little increase in shoot biomass and height at the end of the second and third growing seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of Julbernardia globiflora that survived shoot die-back sprouted from roots with a steady annual accumulation of biomass.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- steady annual accumulation of biomasse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e1“Seedlings that survived shoot die‐back sprouted from roots which showed a steady annual accumulation of biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Early shoot die-back in Julbernardia globiflora seedlings was most probably caused by drought and/or nutritional stress rather than fire.
- Taxon
- Julbernardia globifloraJulbernardia globiflorae0
- Outcome
- Early shoot die‐backe1
- Qualifier
- drought and / or nutritional stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“miombo tree (Julbernardia globiflora)”
e1“Early shoot die‐back in seedlings of Julbernardia globiflora as documented in this study was not causedby fire but most probably by drought and / or nutritional stress”