Abstract
Toxicity from sodium accumulation is an important aspect of salinity stress that has been well studied at the organ and tissue level. However, the effects of salinity on sodium accumulation in the cytosol, where much of the sodium toxicity is thought to occur, are poorly understood due to the difficulty of direct non-invasive measurements of ion activities in living cells. The Na+-sensing fluorescent probe sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) and the K+-sensing fluorescent probe potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (PBFI) were used to quantify Na+ and K+ activity in living root hairs under salinity stress. The effects of exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana roots to 0, 30, 60 or 90 mM NaCl were observed during the 20 min immediately following salinization and also after 2 d of salinization, in plants supplied with 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0 mM Ca. SBFI and PBFI fluorescence was confined primarily to the cytoplasm, with very little signal from the vacuole. Sodium affected the quantification of K+ by PBFI, thus limiting the usefulness of this dye. Root hairs exposed to NaCl accumulated from 30-60 mM Na+ within the first 5 min of salinization in 0.5 and 2.0 mM Ca2+, and up to 15 mM Na+ in the 5.0 mM Ca2+ treatment. Two days of salinization did not increase cytosolic Na+ concentrations beyond the values observed after 20 min of salinization. Cytosolic activities roughly corresponded with elemental analysis of combined dry matter fractions from whole plants. We conclude that SBFI and, to a lesser extent, PBFI are useful tools for quantifying the dynamics of ion activities in the cytosols of living plant cells.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
SBFI and PBFI fluorescence was primarily cytoplasmic with little vacuolar signal.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- cytoplasme0
- Outcome
- SBFI and PBFI fluorescencee0
- Qualifier
- very little signal from the vacuolee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SBFI and PBFI fluorescence was confined primarily to the cytoplasm, with very little signal from the vacuole.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium interfered with K+ quantification by PBFI, limiting its usefulness.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- Sodiume0
- Outcome
- quantification of K+ by PBFIe0
- Qualifier
- limiting the usefulness of this dyee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium affected the quantification of K+ by PBFI, thus limiting the usefulness of this dye.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-exposed root hairs accumulated 30-60 mM Na+ within five minutes at 0.5 and 2.0 mM Ca2+.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- Root hairse0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Value
- 30-60 mMe0
- Qualifier
- within the first 5 min of salinization in 0.5 and 2.0 mM Ca2+e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hairs exposed to NaCl accumulated from 30-60 mM Na+ within the first 5 min of salinization in 0.5 and 2.0 mM Ca2+, and up to 15 mM Na+ in the 5.0 mM Ca2+ treatment.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl-exposed root hairs accumulated up to 15 mM Na+ at 5.0 mM Ca2+.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- Root hairse0
- Treatment
- 5.0 mM Ca2+ treatmente0
- Outcome
- Na+e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
- Value
- 15 mMe0
- Qualifier
- up toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hairs exposed to NaCl accumulated from 30-60 mM Na+ within the first 5 min of salinization in 0.5 and 2.0 mM Ca2+, and up to 15 mM Na+ in the 5.0 mM Ca2+ treatment.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Two days of salinization did not increase cytosolic Na+ beyond the 20-minute values.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Two days of salinizatione0
- Outcome
- cytosolic Na+ concentrationse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Comparator
- 20 min of salinizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two days of salinization did not increase cytosolic Na+ concentrations beyond the values observed after 20 min of salinization.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic activities roughly corresponded with whole-plant elemental analysis.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- Cytosolic activitiese0
- Qualifier
- roughlye0
- Comparator
- elemental analysise0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytosolic activities roughly corresponded with elemental analysis of combined dry matter fractions from whole plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SBFI is useful for quantifying cytosolic ion dynamics in living plant cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SBFIe0
- Outcome
- quantifying the dynamics of ion activitiese0
- Qualifier
- useful toolse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude that SBFI and, to a lesser extent, PBFI are useful tools for quantifying the dynamics of ion activities in the cytosols of living plant cells.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PBFI is useful to a lesser extent for quantifying cytosolic ion dynamics.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- PBFIe0
- Outcome
- quantifying the dynamics of ion activitiese0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
- Comparator
- SBFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude that SBFI and, to a lesser extent, PBFI are useful tools for quantifying the dynamics of ion activities in the cytosols of living plant cells.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · physiology: ion balance · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.