Abstract
The role of gibberellins (GAs) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit development was investigated. Two different inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (LAB 198999 and paclobutrazol) decreased fruit growth and fruit set, an effect reversed by GA(3) application. LAB 198999 reduced GA(1) and GA(8) content, but increased that of their precursors GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), and GA(20) in pollinated fruits. This supports the hypothesis that GA(1) is the active GA for tomato fruit growth. Unpollinated ovaries developed parthenocarpically in response to GA(3) > GA(1) = GA(4) > GA(20), but not to GA(19), suggesting that GA 20-oxidase activity was limiting in unpollinated ovaries. This was confirmed by analyzing the effect of pollination on transcript levels of SlCPS, SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3, and SlGA3ox1 and -2, encoding enzymes of GA biosynthesis. Pollination increased transcript content of SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3, and SlCPS, but not of SlGA3ox1 and -2. To investigate whether pollination also altered GA inactivation, full-length cDNA clones of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing GA 2-oxidases (SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) were isolated and characterized. Transcript levels of these genes did not decrease early after pollination (5-d-old fruits), but transcript content reduction of all of them, mainly of SlGA2ox2, was found later (from 10 d after anthesis). We conclude that pollination mediates fruit set by activating GA biosynthesis mainly through up-regulation of GA20ox. Finally, the phylogenetic reconstruction of the GA2ox family clearly showed the existence of three gene subfamilies, and the phylogenetic position of SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 was established.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
GA biosynthesis inhibitors decreased tomato fruit growth.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- LAB 198999 and paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- fruit growthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two different inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (LAB 198999 and paclobutrazol) decreased fruit growth and fruit set”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA biosynthesis inhibitors decreased tomato fruit set.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- LAB 198999 and paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two different inhibitors of GA biosynthesis (LAB 198999 and paclobutrazol) decreased fruit growth and fruit set”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3) application reversed the inhibitor effects on tomato fruit growth and set.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA(3) applicatione0
- Outcome
- Fruit Set and Growtht0
- Direction
- reversede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an effect reversed by GA(3) application”
t0“Fruit Set and Growth in Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LAB 198999 reduced GA(1) and GA(8) content in pollinated tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollinated fruitse0
- Treatment
- LAB 198999e0
- Outcome
- GA(1) and GA(8) contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LAB 198999 reduced GA(1) and GA(8) content, but increased that of their precursors GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), and GA(20) in pollinated fruits.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LAB 198999 increased precursor GA(53), GA(44), and GA(19) content in pollinated tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollinated fruitse0
- Treatment
- LAB 198999e1
- Outcome
- GA(53), GA(44), GA(19)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased that of their precursors GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), and GA(20) in pollinated fruits.”
e1“LAB 198999 reduced GA(1)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
LAB 198999 increased GA(20) precursor content in pollinated tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- pollinated fruitse0
- Treatment
- LAB 198999e1
- Outcome
- GA(20)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased that of their precursors GA(53), GA(44), GA(19), and GA(20) in pollinated fruits.”
e1“LAB 198999 reduced GA(1)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3), GA(1), GA(4), and GA(20) induced parthenocarpic development of unpollinated tomato ovaries, with GA(3) strongest.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Unpollinated ovariese0
- Treatment
- GA(3) > GA(1) = GA(4) > GA(20)e0
- Outcome
- developed parthenocarpicallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unpollinated ovaries developed parthenocarpically in response to GA(3) > GA(1) = GA(4) > GA(20), but not to GA(19)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(19) did not induce parthenocarpic development of unpollinated tomato ovaries.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- Unpollinated ovariese0
- Treatment
- GA(19)e0
- Outcome
- developed parthenocarpicallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unpollinated ovaries developed parthenocarpically in response to GA(3) > GA(1) = GA(4) > GA(20), but not to GA(19)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollination increased transcripts of SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3 and SlCPS in tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pollinatione0
- Gene
- SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3, and SlCPSe0
- Outcome
- transcript contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollination increased transcript content of SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3, and SlCPS, but not of SlGA3ox1 and -2.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollination did not increase SlGA3ox1 and -2 transcripts in tomato fruits.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pollinatione0
- Gene
- SlGA3ox1 and -2e0
- Outcome
- transcript contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pollination increased transcript content of SlGA20ox1, -2, and -3, and SlCPS, but not of SlGA3ox1 and -2.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Five tomato GA 2-oxidase cDNA clones were isolated and characterized.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5e0
- Outcome
- full-length cDNA clonese0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“full-length cDNA clones of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing GA 2-oxidases (SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) were isolated and characterized”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Early after pollination, tomato SlGA2ox transcript levels did not decrease.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- 5-d-old fruitse0
- Treatment
- pollinatione0
- Gene
- SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5e1
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcript levels of these genes did not decrease early after pollination (5-d-old fruits)”
e1“GA 2-oxidases (SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5)”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Later after pollination, transcripts of all five tomato SlGA2ox genes decreased, especially SlGA2ox2.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- from 10 d after anthesise0
- Treatment
- pollinatione2
- Gene
- SlGA2ox2e0
- Outcome
- transcript contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcript content reduction of all of them, mainly of SlGA2ox2, was found later (from 10 d after anthesis)”
e1“GA 2-oxidases (SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5)”
e2“after pollination”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that pollination mediates tomato fruit set through GA biosynthesis up-regulation of GA20ox.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pollinatione0
- Gene
- GA20oxe0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pollination mediates fruit set by activating GA biosynthesis mainly through up-regulation of GA20ox”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Phylogenetic reconstruction found three tomato GA2ox gene subfamilies and established positions for five genes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- GA2oxe0
- Outcome
- three gene subfamiliese0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phylogenetic reconstruction of the GA2ox family clearly showed the existence of three gene subfamilies, and the phylogenetic position of SlGA2ox1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 was established”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →paclobutrazol · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Gibberellic acid · yield · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.