Abstract
Many stimuli such as hormones and elicitors induce changes in intracellular calcium levels to integrate information and activate appropriate responses. The Ca(2+) signals are perceived by various Ca(2+) sensors, and calmodulin (CaM) is one of the best characterized in eukaryotes. Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins extend the Ca(2+) toolkit in plants; they share sequence similarity with the ubiquitous and highly conserved CaM but their roles at physiological and molecular levels are largely unknown. Knowledge of the contribution of Ca(2+) decoding proteins to plant immunity is emerging, and we report here data on Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid. Using a reverse genetic approach, we present evidence that CML9 is involved in plant defence by modulating responses to bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae. Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines. Collectively, using PAMP treatment and P. syringae strains, we have established that CML9 participates in plant innate immunity.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
CML9 expression was rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- phytopathogenic bacteriae0
- Gene
- CML9e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin rapidly induced CML9 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- flagelline0
- Gene
- CML9e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid rapidly induced CML9 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Gene
- CML9e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9, whose expression is rapidly induced by phytopathogenic bacteria, flagellin and salicylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
CML9 modulated defence responses to Pseudomonas syringae strains.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Gene
- CML9e0
- Outcome
- plant defencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CML9 is involved in plant defence by modulating responses to bacterial strains of Pseudomonas syringae”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin responses were altered in CML9 knockout mutants relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- knockout mutantse0
- Treatment
- flagellin applicatione0
- Outcome
- later responsese0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9”
Claim · model-written summary
Flagellin responses were altered in CML9 overexpressing lines relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Material
- over-expressing transgenic linese0
- Treatment
- flagellin applicatione0
- Outcome
- later responsese0
- Direction
- alterede0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to wild-type plants, the later responses normally observed upon flagellin application are altered in knockout mutants and over-expressing transgenic lines”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana CML9”
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