Abstract
SUMMARY A series of experiments was designed to evaluate a wide range of possible cropping systems for deep Vertisols of the Indian semi-arid tropics. The introduction of a rainy season maize crop, compared with traditional fallowing, had little effect on the yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea. Introducing a rainy season sorghum crop caused severe yield reductions of post-rainy season crops in one year but only slight reductions in two subsequent years. Intercrop systems of maize/pigeonpea or sorghum/pigeonpea, and a three-crop system of maize/pigeonpea/chickpea, appeared very promising. Gross returns were usually much higher for the improved systems that utilized both the rainy and post-rainy seasons, though differences in net returns were not quite so great because of the extra costs of growing the additional rainy season crops.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Rainy-season maize had little effect on subsequent sorghum yield relative to fallow.
- Treatment
- rainy season maize crope0
- Outcome
- yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghume0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- traditional fallowinge0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of a rainy season maize crop, compared with traditional fallowing, had little effect on the yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainy-season maize had little effect on subsequent chickpea yield relative to fallow.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- rainy season maize crope0
- Outcome
- yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpeae0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- traditional fallowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of a rainy season maize crop, compared with traditional fallowing, had little effect on the yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainy-season maize had little effect on subsequent pigeonpea yield relative to fallow.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- rainy season maize crope0
- Outcome
- yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpeae0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Comparator
- traditional fallowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of a rainy season maize crop, compared with traditional fallowing, had little effect on the yields of post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainy-season sorghum severely reduced subsequent yields in one year and slightly reduced them in two later years.
- Treatment
- rainy season sorghum crope0
- Outcome
- yield reductions of post-rainy season cropse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- in one year but only slight reductions in two subsequent yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Introducing a rainy season sorghum crop caused severe yield reductions of post-rainy season crops in one year but only slight reductions in two subsequent years”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize/pigeonpea intercrops appeared promising.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercrop systems of maize/pigeonpea or sorghum/pigeonpea, and a three-crop system of maize/pigeonpea/chickpea, appeared very promising”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum/pigeonpea intercrops appeared promising.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercrop systems of maize/pigeonpea or sorghum/pigeonpea, and a three-crop system of maize/pigeonpea/chickpea, appeared very promising”
Claim · model-written summary
The maize/pigeonpea/chickpea system appeared promising.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- maize/pigeonpea/chickpeae0
- Outcome
- appeared very promisinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercrop systems of maize/pigeonpea or sorghum/pigeonpea, and a three-crop system of maize/pigeonpea/chickpea, appeared very promising”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved dual-season systems usually had much higher gross returns.
- Treatment
- improved systems that utilized both the rainy and post-rainy seasonse0
- Outcome
- Gross returnse0
- Direction
- much highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross returns were usually much higher for the improved systems that utilized both the rainy and post-rainy seasons”
e1“post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Net return differences were smaller because additional crops cost more.
- Outcome
- differences in net returnse0
- Direction
- not quite so greate0
- Qualifier
- extra costs of growing the additional rainy season cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in net returns were not quite so great because of the extra costs of growing the additional rainy season crops”
e1“post-rainy season crops of sorghum, chickpea and pigeonpea”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Zea mays · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 9 papers →Zea mays · yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
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See all 14 papers →rainfall · yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
climate site · yield · Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
rainfall · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →climate site · yield · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →rainfall · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.