Abstract
Pretreatment of sunflower and safflower seeds with triazole-type plant growth regulators (triazoles) diminished the rate of germination and reduced seedling growth. However, if seeds were aged at 90% relative humidity (accelerated ageing), triazoles significantly reduced the deleterious effects of accelerated ageing on germination percentage and field emergence. Seedling vigour was also greater in seedlings raised from triazole-treated seeds than from untreated seeds after accelerated aging. The activities of enzymes like dehydrogenase declined at a faster rate during accelerated ageing in untreated control than in triazole-treated seeds. Triazoles also slowed down the degradation of ribonucleic acid. The rate of change of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids was low in triazole-treated seeds compared with untreated control seeds. A positive correlation was evident between increase in membrane permeability and loss of seed viability. Membrane permeability and level of malondialdehyde, a peroxidation product of unsaturated fatty acids, gradually increased in storage at 90% relative humidity, but in seeds pretreated with triazoles these changes were minimal. Key words: triazoles, accelerated ageing, sunflower and safflower seed viability.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Triazole pretreatment diminished germination rate.
- Taxon
- sunflower and safflower
Carthamus tinctorius
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- triazole-type plant growth regulators (triazoles)e0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- diminishede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of sunflower and safflower seeds with triazole-type plant growth regulators (triazoles) diminished the rate of germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazole pretreatment reduced seedling growth.
- Taxon
- sunflower and safflowerCarthamus tinctoriusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- triazole-type plant growth regulators (triazoles)e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of sunflower and safflower seeds with triazole-type plant growth regulators (triazoles) diminished the rate of germination and reduced seedling growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles significantly protected germination percentage after accelerated ageing.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“triazoles significantly reduced the deleterious effects of accelerated ageing on germination percentage and field emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles significantly protected field emergence after accelerated ageing.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“triazoles significantly reduced the deleterious effects of accelerated ageing on germination percentage and field emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling vigour was greater after triazole pretreatment and ageing.
- Treatment
- triazole-treated seedse0
- Outcome
- Seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- after accelerated aginge0
- Comparator
- untreated seedse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Seedling vigour was also greater in seedlings raised from triazole-treated seeds than from untreated seeds after accelerated aging”
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrogenase activity declined faster in untreated seeds during ageing.
- Treatment
- triazole-treated seedse0
- Gene
- dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- activities of enzymes like dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- declined at a faster ratee0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The activities of enzymes like dehydrogenase declined at a faster rate during accelerated ageing in untreated control than in triazole-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazoles slowed RNA degradation.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Triazoles also slowed down the degradation of ribonucleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble carbohydrate changes were lower with triazoles.
- Treatment
- triazole-treated seedse0
- Outcome
- rate of change of soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- untreated control seedse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The rate of change of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids was low in triazole-treated seeds compared with untreated control seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid changes were lower with triazoles.
- Treatment
- triazole-treated seedse0
- Outcome
- rate of change of soluble carbohydrates and amino acidse0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- untreated control seedse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The rate of change of soluble carbohydrates and amino acids was low in triazole-treated seeds compared with untreated control seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater membrane permeability correlated with loss of seed viability.
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- loss of seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- losse0
- Qualifier
- increase in membrane permeabilitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A positive correlation was evident between increase in membrane permeability and loss of seed viability”
Claim · model-written summary
Membrane permeability rose during storage at 90% humidity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Membrane permeability and level of malondialdehyde, a peroxidation product of unsaturated fatty acids, gradually increased in storage at 90% relative humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Malondialdehyde levels rose during storage at 90% humidity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“level of malondialdehyde, a peroxidation product of unsaturated fatty acids, gradually increased in storage at 90% relative humidity”
Claim · model-written summary
Triazole pretreatment kept permeability and malondialdehyde changes minimal.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“but in seeds pretreated with triazoles these changes were minimal”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
class · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.