Abstract
This study investigated the effect of shikimic and salicylic acids at the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.7 mM, respectively, or their combination as phenolic compounds and Ridomil MZ at the concentration of 250 g/100 L as a fungicide on osmotic pressure (OP), solutes allocation, organic acids, inorganic ions and relative water content were quantified in Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae. Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-) while caused obvious increase in proline, total soluble nitrogen (TSN) and organic acids (i.e. Keto and citric acids) in water extract of the leaf of faba bean plants. Furthermore, pathogen caused marked decrease in relative water content (RWC) of infected leaves and as a consequence the saturation water deficit (SWD) was increased. Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants. Recovery of osmotic adjustment as well as leaf turgidity of infected host by using these chemical inducers may encourage the using of them as protective control means. The results of the present study showed also that the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen decreased leaf osmotic pressure and total soluble sugar.
- Taxon
- Vicia faba
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- Pathogene0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabae
Botrytis fabaee1pathogen - Outcome
- osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-)”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen decreased Na+, K+ and Ca2+ inorganic osmolytes.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Pathogene0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- Na+, K+, Ca2+e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-)”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen decreased Mg2+ and Cl- inorganic osmolytes.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Pathogene0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- Mg2+ and Cl-e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pathogen induced noticeable decrease in osmotic pressure, total soluble sugar (TSS) and inorganic osmolytes (i.e. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-)”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen increased proline, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- Botrytis fabaee1
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- proline, total soluble nitrogen (TSN) and organic acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while caused obvious increase in proline, total soluble nitrogen (TSN) and organic acids (i.e. Keto and citric acids) in water extract of the leaf of faba bean plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen decreased infected-leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- pathogene0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pathogen caused marked decrease in relative water content (RWC) of infected leaves”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection increased saturation water deficit.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- pathogene0
- Interactor
- Botrytis fabaeBotrytis fabaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- saturation water deficit (SWD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pathogen caused marked decrease in relative water content (RWC) of infected leaves and as a consequence the saturation water deficit (SWD) was increased.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Shikimic acid increased proline, total soluble sugars and total soluble nitrogen in infected plants.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- shikimic acide0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased proline, total soluble sugars and total soluble nitrogen in infected plants.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid combination increased proline, total soluble sugars and total soluble nitrogen in infected plants.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Shikimic acid increased organic acids, osmotic pressure and relative water content in infected leaves.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- shikimic acide0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased organic acids, osmotic pressure and relative water content in infected leaves.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid combination increased organic acids, osmotic pressure and relative water content in infected leaves.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- their combinatione0
- Interactor
- B. fabaeBotrytis fabaee0pathogen
- Outcome
- organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of shikimic acid, salicylic acid or their combination could counteract the adverse effects of B. fabae on osmotic adjustment by inducing additional increase in proline, total soluble sugars, total soluble nitrogen and organic acids which in turn increase the osmotic pressure as well as relative water content in leaves of infected plants.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest using chemical inducers as protective controls to restore osmotic adjustment and turgidity.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
- Outcome
- using of them as protective control meanse0
- Qualifier
- may encouragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery of osmotic adjustment as well as leaf turgidity of infected host by using these chemical inducers may encourage the using of them as protective control means.”
e1“Vicia faba leaves infected by Botrytis fabae”
Claim · model-written summary
Shikimic acid increased resistance to chocolate spot disease.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- shikimice0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased resistance to chocolate spot disease.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- salicylic acidse0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.”
Claim · model-written summary
The acid interaction increased resistance to chocolate spot disease.
- Taxon
- Vicia fabaVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- their interactione0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of chemical inducers such as shikimic and salicylic acids or their interaction increased the resistance of Vicia faba against the chocolate spot disease.”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results differ
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →shikimic acid · Botrytis fabae · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · Botrytis fabae · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.