Abstract
Salinity stress is a critical abiotic factor that significantly impairs crop productivity. Salicylic acid (SA) demonstrates efficacy in mitigating salt stress induced physiological damage across plant tissues. However, the physiological mechanism by which SA alleviates salinity stress in faba bean remains largely unclear. For this purpose, two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design. Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content, ultimately impairing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing yield compared to control plants. However, under 150 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment, chlorophyll a/b ratios, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII), soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, and Na+ accumulation in both leaves and roots were markedly elevated compared to controls. The light utilization efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP), gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr) and contents of SP and SS content increased under the 1.0 mmol L−1 SA + NaCl treatment when compared to the NaCl treatment alone. SA also significantly inhibited Na+ uptake and enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in both roots and leaves of faba bean plants by up-regulating the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1 under NaCl stress. Moreover, exogenous SA also enhanced the 100-grain weight and pod-setting ability in salt-exposed faba bean plant. Exogenous SA improved the tolerance of faba bean plants to salinity stress by enhancing PSII light utilization efficiency, osmotic adjustment, root system architecture, and maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture and biomass accumulation compared with control plants
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae1 - Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content, ultimately impairing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced chlorophyll content in faba bean compared with control plants
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content, ultimately impairing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress impaired photosynthetic efficiency in faba bean compared with control plants
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye1
- Direction
- impairinge1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content, ultimately impairing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced faba bean yield compared with control plants
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae1
- Treatment
- Salt stresse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reducinge1
- Comparator
- control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Salt stress significantly reduced faba bean seedling growth, root architecture, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content, ultimately impairing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing yield compared to control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 150 mmol NaCl, chlorophyll a/b ratios, intercellular CO2 and PSII non-photochemical quenching were elevated compared with controls
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- 150 mmole3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a/b ratios, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII)e2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design”
e2“chlorophyll a/b ratios, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII), soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, and Na+ accumulation in both leaves and roots were markedly elevated compared to controls”
e3“under 150 mmol”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 150 mmol NaCl, soluble protein, soluble sugar and Na+ accumulation in leaves and roots were elevated compared with controls
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse2
- Treatment
- 150 mmole3
- Outcome
- soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, and Na+ accumulatione2
- Direction
- elevatede2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design”
e2“chlorophyll a/b ratios, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II (PSII), soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, and Na+ accumulation in both leaves and roots were markedly elevated compared to controls”
e3“under 150 mmol”
Claim · model-written summary
SA plus NaCl increased the light utilization efficiency of PSII compared with NaCl alone
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- SA + NaCl treatmente5
- Outcome
- light utilization efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- NaCl treatment alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design”
e4“The light utilization efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP), gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr) and contents of SP and SS content increased”
e5“SA + NaCl treatment when compared to the NaCl treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
SA plus NaCl increased gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr) compared with NaCl alone
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- SA + NaCl treatmente5
- Outcome
- gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- NaCl treatment alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design”
e4“The light utilization efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP), gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr) and contents of SP and SS content increased”
e5“SA + NaCl treatment when compared to the NaCl treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
SA plus NaCl increased soluble protein and soluble sugar contents compared with NaCl alone
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- SA + NaCl treatmente5
- Outcome
- contents of SP and SS contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Comparator
- NaCl treatment alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two genotypes of faba bean were subjected to various concentrations of NaCl and SA treatments design”
e4“The light utilization efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, qP), gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr) and contents of SP and SS content increased”
e5“SA + NaCl treatment when compared to the NaCl treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
SA significantly inhibited Na+ uptake in faba bean under NaCl stress
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae4
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese4
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Outcome
- Na+ uptakee4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“SA also significantly inhibited Na+ uptake and enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in both roots and leaves of faba bean plants by up-regulating the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1 under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SA enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in faba bean under NaCl stress
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae4
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese4
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Outcome
- absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+e4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“SA also significantly inhibited Na+ uptake and enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in both roots and leaves of faba bean plants by up-regulating the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1 under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SA increased the K+/Na+ ratio in faba bean under NaCl stress
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae4
- Organ / stage
- roots and leavese4
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratioe4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“SA also significantly inhibited Na+ uptake and enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in both roots and leaves of faba bean plants by up-regulating the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1 under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
SA up-regulated the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1 and VfHKT1 in faba bean under NaCl stress
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae4
- Treatment
- SAe4
- Gene
- VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1e4
- Outcome
- expressione4
- Direction
- up-regulatinge4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“SA also significantly inhibited Na+ uptake and enhanced the absorption of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and increased the K+/Na+ ratio in both roots and leaves of faba bean plants by up-regulating the expression of VfNHX1, VfSOS1, and VfHKT1 under NaCl stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA enhanced the 100-grain weight and pod-setting ability of salt-exposed faba bean
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae5
- Treatment
- exogenous SAe5
- Outcome
- 100-grain weight and pod-setting abilitye5
- Direction
- enhancede5
- Qualifier
- salt-exposede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Moreover, exogenous SA also enhanced the 100-grain weight and pod-setting ability in salt-exposed faba bean plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous SA improved the salinity tolerance of faba bean by enhancing PSII light utilization, osmotic adjustment and root architecture and maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae6
- Treatment
- Exogenous SAe6
- Outcome
- tolerance of faba bean plants to salinity stresse6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Qualifier
- by enhancing PSII light utilization efficiency, osmotic adjustment, root system architecture, and maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasise6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Exogenous SA improved the tolerance of faba bean plants to salinity stress by enhancing PSII light utilization efficiency, osmotic adjustment, root system architecture, and maintaining Na+/K+ homeostasis”
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See all 15 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.