Abstract
In the present study we tried to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating the negative effects of salinity stress. NaCl stress (50 and 100 mM) declines the shoot and root length and maximum decrease was observed at 100 mM concentration of NaCl. Similarly shoot dry weight decreased by 57.14% and root dry weight by 67.24% with 100 mM NaCl stress. The pigments and leaf relative water content (LRWC) were also observed to decline with increase in NaCl concentration. However, supplementation of SA to NaCl stressed seedlings showed enhanced length and dry weight of shoot and root. The pigment and LRWC also increased by the application of SA in the present study. NaCl stress also enhanced proline and glycine betaine (GB) by 3.01 and 2.04 folds, respectively; further enhancement was recorded by the application of SA. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content also showed rise in accumulation, however, seedlings treated with SA and NaCl (100 mM + SA) declines the H2O2 accumulation to 1.90 from 2.45 folds and MDA to 1.69 from 2.34 folds over the control. Antioxidants were observed to increase with NaCl concentration and further increase was recorded by the application of SA. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) decreased by 36.60 and 44.16%, respectively, and ABA increased by 750% with 100 mM NaCl. Addition of SA to NaCl stressed seedlings enhanced the IAA and IBA and decreased the ABA concentration to appreciable level. NaCl is also responsible for the higher accumulation of Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio and decreased uptake of Ca2+ and K+. Supplementation of SA decreased the Na+ accumulation and enhanced the uptake of Ca2+ and K+ in NaCl stressed seedlings. In conclusion, SA supplementation mitigates the negative effects of NaCl toxicity in faba bean seedlings through the modulation of different osmoprotectants, antioxidants and nutrients uptake.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduced shoot and root length, most at 100 mM.
- Taxon
- Faba Bean
Vicia fabat0 - Treatment
- NaCl stress (50 and 100 mM)e0
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengthe0
- Direction
- declinese0
- Qualifier
- 100 mM concentration of NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress (50 and 100 mM) declines the shoot and root length and maximum decrease was observed at 100 mM concentration of NaCl.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, shoot dry weight decreased by 57.14%.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 57.14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot dry weight decreased by 57.14% and root dry weight by 67.24% with 100 mM NaCl stress”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, root dry weight decreased by 67.24%.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 67.24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot dry weight decreased by 57.14% and root dry weight by 67.24% with 100 mM NaCl stress”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigments and leaf relative water content declined as NaCl concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- pigments and leaf relative water content (LRWC)e0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pigments and leaf relative water content (LRWC) were also observed to decline with increase in NaCl concentration.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid enhanced shoot and root length and dry weight in NaCl stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- supplementation of SAe0
- Outcome
- length and dry weight of shoot and roote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- NaCl stressed seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementation of SA to NaCl stressed seedlings showed enhanced length and dry weight of shoot and root”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased pigment and leaf relative water content.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- application of SAe0
- Outcome
- pigment and LRWCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pigment and LRWC also increased by the application of SA”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress enhanced proline by 3.01 folds.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress also enhanced proline and glycine betaine (GB) by 3.01 and 2.04 folds, respectively”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress enhanced glycine betaine by 2.04 folds.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse0
- Outcome
- glycine betaine (GB)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.04 foldse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl stress also enhanced proline and glycine betaine (GB) by 3.01 and 2.04 folds, respectively”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid further enhanced proline and glycine betaine under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- application of SAe0
- Outcome
- proline and glycine betaine (GB)e1
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Comparator
- NaCl stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“further enhancement was recorded by the application of SA”
e1“NaCl stress also enhanced proline and glycine betaine (GB) by 3.01 and 2.04 folds, respectively”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation rose under NaCl stress.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Outcome
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content also showed rise in accumulation”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA with 100 mM NaCl lowered hydrogen peroxide accumulation to 1.90 from 2.45 folds over control.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- SA and NaCl (100 mM + SA)e0
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- declinese0
- Value
- 1.90e0
- Qualifier
- 2.45 foldse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings treated with SA and NaCl (100 mM + SA) declines the H2O2 accumulation to 1.90 from 2.45 folds and MDA to 1.69 from 2.34 folds over the control”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA with 100 mM NaCl lowered MDA accumulation to 1.69 from 2.34 folds over control.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- SA and NaCl (100 mM + SA)e0
- Outcome
- MDAe0
- Direction
- declinese0
- Value
- 1.69e0
- Qualifier
- 2.34 foldse0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedlings treated with SA and NaCl (100 mM + SA) declines the H2O2 accumulation to 1.90 from 2.45 folds and MDA to 1.69 from 2.34 folds over the control”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants increased with NaCl concentration and increased further with SA.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- NaCl concentratione0
- Outcome
- Antioxidantse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- application of SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidants were observed to increase with NaCl concentration and further increase was recorded by the application of SA.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, IAA decreased by 36.60%.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- Indoleacetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 36.60e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) decreased by 36.60 and 44.16%, respectively, and ABA increased by 750% with 100 mM NaCl.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, IBA decreased by 44.16%.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- indole butyric acid (IBA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 44.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoleacetic acid (IAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) decreased by 36.60 and 44.16%, respectively, and ABA increased by 750% with 100 mM NaCl.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 mM NaCl, ABA increased by 750%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABA increased by 750% with 100 mM NaCl”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA enhanced IAA and IBA and decreased ABA in NaCl stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Addition of SAe0
- Outcome
- IAA and IBAe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- NaCl stressed seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of SA to NaCl stressed seedlings enhanced the IAA and IBA and decreased the ABA concentration to appreciable level.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA decreased ABA concentration in NaCl stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Addition of SAe0
- Outcome
- ABA concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NaCl stressed seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of SA to NaCl stressed seedlings enhanced the IAA and IBA and decreased the ABA concentration to appreciable level.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased Na+ accumulation and Na+/K+ ratio while reducing Ca2+ and K+ uptake.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Na+ and Na+/K+ ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaCl is also responsible for the higher accumulation of Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio and decreased uptake of Ca2+ and K+.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SA lowered Na+ accumulation and enhanced Ca2+ and K+ uptake in salt stressed seedlings.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- Supplementation of SAe0
- Outcome
- Na+ accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NaCl stressed seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Supplementation of SA decreased the Na+ accumulation and enhanced the uptake of Ca2+ and K+ in NaCl stressed seedlings.”
t0“Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)”
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8 of 12 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.