Abstract
A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics. Comparison of longitudinal profiles of local relative elemental growth rate and turgor pressure indicated that cell walls become looser in the apical 5 mm and then tighten 5–10 mm from the root tip. Immersion of roots in 200 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·48 MPa) rapidly and evenly reduced turgor pressure along the whole growing region. Growth was reduced to a greater extent in the region 5–10 mm from the root tip than in the apical region. This indicated rapid wall-loosening in the root tip, but not in the more basal regions. Following 24 h immersion in 400 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·96 MPa) turgor had recovered to pre-stressed values. Under this stress treatment, growth was reduced in the region 4–10 mm from the root tip, despite the recovery of turgor, indicating a tightening of the wall. In the root apex, local relative elemental growth rate was unchanged in comparison to control tissue, showing that wall properties here were similar to the control values. Cellulose microfibrils on the inner face of cortical cell walls became increasingly more parallel to the root axis along the growth profile of both unstressed and stressed roots. Orientation did not correlate with the wall loosening in the apical region of unstressed roots, or with the tightening in the region 5–10 mm from the root tip following 24 h of osmotic stress. Longitudinal profiles of the possible wall-loosening enzyme xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) had good correspondence with an increase in wall loosening during development. In the zone of wall tightening following osmotic stress, XET activity was decreased per unit dry weight (compared with the unstressed control), but not per unit fresh weight.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cell walls become looser in the apical 5 mm of maize roots.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“cell walls become looser in the apical 5 mm and then tighten 5–10 mm from the root tip”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell walls tighten 5–10 mm from the maize root tip.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“cell walls become looser in the apical 5 mm and then tighten 5–10 mm from the root tip”
Claim · model-written summary
Immersion in 200 mol m−3 mannitol rapidly and evenly reduced turgor pressure along the whole growing region of maize roots.
- Organ / stage
- growing regione2
- Treatment
- 200 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·48 MPa)e2
- Outcome
- turgor pressuree2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- rapidly and evenlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Immersion of roots in 200 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·48 MPa) rapidly and evenly reduced turgor pressure along the whole growing region”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 200 mol m−3 mannitol, growth was reduced to a greater extent 5–10 mm from the root tip than in the apical region.
- Organ / stage
- region 5–10 mm from the root tipe3
- Treatment
- 200 mol m−3 mannitole2
- Outcome
- Growthe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- to a greater extente3
- Comparator
- apical regione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Immersion of roots in 200 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·48 MPa) rapidly and evenly reduced turgor pressure along the whole growing region”
e3“Growth was reduced to a greater extent in the region 5–10 mm from the root tip than in the apical region”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid wall-loosening occurs in the root tip of maize but not in more basal regions.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“This indicated rapid wall-loosening in the root tip, but not in the more basal regions”
Claim · model-written summary
After 24 h in 400 mol m−3 mannitol, turgor recovered to pre-stressed values in maize roots.
- Treatment
- 400 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·96 MPa)e2
- Outcome
- turgore2
- Direction
- recoverede2
- Qualifier
- 24 he2
- Comparator
- pre-stressed valuese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Following 24 h immersion in 400 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·96 MPa) turgor had recovered to pre-stressed values”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 400 mol m−3 mannitol, growth was reduced 4–10 mm from the root tip despite recovered turgor.
- Organ / stage
- region 4–10 mm from the root tipe3
- Treatment
- 400 mol m−3 mannitole2
- Outcome
- growthe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- despite the recovery of turgore3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Following 24 h immersion in 400 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·96 MPa) turgor had recovered to pre-stressed values”
e3“Under this stress treatment, growth was reduced in the region 4–10 mm from the root tip, despite the recovery of turgor”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 400 mol m−3 mannitol, the wall tightened in maize roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Following 24 h immersion in 400 mol m−3 mannitol (an osmotic stress of 0·96 MPa) turgor had recovered to pre-stressed values”
e4“indicating a tightening of the wall”
Claim · model-written summary
Local relative elemental growth rate in the maize root apex was unchanged relative to control tissue under stress.
- Organ / stage
- root apexe2
- Outcome
- local relative elemental growth ratee2
- Direction
- unchangede2
- Comparator
- control tissuee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“In the root apex, local relative elemental growth rate was unchanged in comparison to control tissue, showing that wall properties here were similar to the control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Cellulose microfibrils in cortical cell walls became increasingly more parallel to the root axis along the growth profile of unstressed and stressed maize roots.
- Organ / stage
- inner face of cortical cell wallse2
- Outcome
- Cellulose microfibrilse2
- Direction
- became increasingly more parallele2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Cellulose microfibrils on the inner face of cortical cell walls became increasingly more parallel to the root axis along the growth profile of both unstressed and stressed roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Microfibril orientation did not correlate with wall loosening in the apical region of unstressed maize roots.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Orientation did not correlate with the wall loosening in the apical region of unstressed roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Microfibril orientation did not correlate with wall tightening 5–10 mm from the root tip after 24 h of osmotic stress.
- Organ / stage
- region 5–10 mm from the root tipe3
- Treatment
- 24 h of osmotic stresse3
- Outcome
- Orientatione2
- Direction
- did not correlatee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Orientation did not correlate with the wall loosening in the apical region of unstressed roots”
e3“or with the tightening in the region 5–10 mm from the root tip following 24 h of osmotic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
XET profiles had good correspondence with an increase in wall loosening during maize root development.
- Gene
- xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET)e2
- Outcome
- wall looseninge2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- good correspondencee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“Longitudinal profiles of the possible wall-loosening enzyme xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) had good correspondence with an increase in wall loosening during development”
Claim · model-written summary
Under osmotic stress, XET activity decreased per unit dry weight in the zone of wall tightening compared with unstressed control.
- Organ / stage
- zone of wall tighteninge2
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- XETe2
- Outcome
- XET activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- per unit dry weighte2
- Comparator
- unstressed controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“In the zone of wall tightening following osmotic stress, XET activity was decreased per unit dry weight (compared with the unstressed control), but not per unit fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
XET activity per unit fresh weight did not decrease in the zone of wall tightening after osmotic stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A series of physical and chemical analyses were made on the expanding zone of maize seedling roots grown in hydroponics”
e2“In the zone of wall tightening following osmotic stress, XET activity was decreased per unit dry weight (compared with the unstressed control), but not per unit fresh weight”